Salute from Czech republic. If, for example, one language is related to another but has simplified its grammar, the speakers of the original language may understand the simplified language, but less vice versa. Between some languages, there can also be imbalanced mutual intelligibility, known as asymmetric intelligibility. This occurs when speakers of one language can understand a related language to a greater degree than speakers of the related language can understand the other. As far as grammars are concerned (declension and conjugation), they are so similar that there is almost no effort in understanding that this noun is, for example, in dative plural, and that verb is imperfective past. Ukrainian much less comprehensible. Is Ukrainian more like . Pretty accurate I think. It was probably in the same ballpark as Polish for me. The syntax is though very very similar! In 1933, reforms were forced that streamlined Ukrainian more in line with the Russian language. Portuguese also has a high degree of mutual intelligibility with Spanish. If you know Polish, you're likely to understand a little Russian, Ukrainian and other Slavic languages, but this doesn't mean that the languages are mutually intelligible. Bulgarian is similar to Macedonian but with more different cyrillic. Slovenian speakers find it hard to understand most of the other Yugoslav lects except for Kajkavian Croatian. [2], Because of the difficulty of imposing boundaries on a continuum, various counts of the Romance languages are given; in The Linguasphere register of the worlds languages and speech communities David Dalby lists 23 based on mutual intelligibility:[13]. However, the Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop dialect in northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria and the Maleevo-Pirin dialect in eastern Macedonia and western Bulgaria are transitional between Bulgarian and Macedonian. I think (as a native Serbian speaker from south eastern Belgrade) the main difference between Serbian and Macedonian is that Macedonian doesnt have cases and have definite articles as well. https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family Thats why in the Czechoslovak army the rule was: speak your own language, understand both. Just one example: the letter g was eliminated in order to make the Ukrainian h correspond exactly with Russian g. I would like to know if anyone could confirm that you could indeed . In the former Czechoslovakia, everything was 50-50 bilingual media, literature, etc. cheers The key problem of Bulgarian is the different gramar the lack of declination and the use of postpositive articles. This is simply not the case. The biggest Slavic language by far is Russian, which has 154 million native speakers and over 258 million speakers in total. Young czechs and slovaks communicate on internet on daily basis and they understand each other just perfectly. When Kievan Rus' fell to the Mongols in the 13th century, the formerly united states became split, and what were once very closely-related dialects began to . [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-YqET96OO0&fs=1&hl=en_GB]. Belarussian almost completely comprehensible, except a few words. An inherent pure inherent intelligibility test would involve a a speaker of Slavic lect A listening to a tape or video of a speaker of Slavic Lect A. Yiddish speakers usually have an easier time understanding German than vice versa, largely because Yiddish has added words from other languages, including Hebrew and Slavic languages, which makes it more difficult for German speakers to understand. Macedonian syntax and lexics are more similar to Serbian, even though structures of the language such as articles (no declensions) function as in Bulgarian. The Polish alphabet includes certain additional letters formed using diacritics: the kreska in the letters , , , , and through the letter in ; the kropka in the letter , and the ogonek ("little . For example we chakavians use a lot of words used in Polish, Ukrainian, Slovak etc but in standard Croatian those words are described as archaisms and instead words used in tokavian come from Turkish. Its vocabulary and grammar has enough similarities for Poles, Ukrainians and Belarusians to understand each other well, whereas Russians understand only will recognise separate words. It is very strange when some words are not understood, although the communication is possible. The Rusyn language is composed of 50% Slovak roots and 50% Ukrainian roots, so some difficult intelligibility with Ukrainian might be expected. Yes, there are some words, which has Ukraine origins, but trust me that its not so hard to understand. LIFESTYLE Languages. What percentage of Ukraine speaks Polish? They have more in common than you might think! Therefore, for the moment, there are five separate Croatian languages: Shtokavian Croatian, Kajkavian Croatian, Chakavian Croatian, Molise Croatian, and Burgenland Croatian. How much Slovene can your average Chakavian speaker understand? Also akavian has some elements of its own. However, many of these dialects are at least partially mutually intelligible. Most of the Ukrainian speakers who do not speak Russian are in Canada at the moment. It exists in differing degrees among many related or geographically proximate languages of the world, often in the context of a dialect continuum. What is the basis on which your Serbian friend said that? The Polish langauge uses the Latin script, while the Ukrainian is written in Cyrillic. Polish lacks full intelligibility of Silesian, although this is controversial (see below). The translation is not very problematic. Ponaszymu appears to lack full intelligibility with Czech. Pobrzajte in Serbian means (pourite) but I understand it because brzo means fast and prefix po also exists in Serbian, and the imperative form is the same. As a native Serbian speaker from Bosnia who has interacted with most Slavic languages , heres my breakdown of level of mutual intelligibility with other Slavic tongues: its not based on bilingual learning. Still others (for example, Voegelin and Voegelin 1977) recognize just two main dialect groups: Eastern and Western Ukrainian. The higher the linguistic distance, the lower the mutual intelligibility. My gues. Intelligibility testing between East and West Slovak would seem to be in order. It is not true at all that Ukrainian and Russian are mutually intelligible, as Russian only has 50% intelligibility of Ukrainian. Very interesting. The Czech law even states that Slovak language can be used in schools and in official documents. That information is in error. Serbs did not have the same language contact with the Macedonian language as Macedonians with Serbocroatian did. Polish and Ukrainian have higher lexical similarity at 72%, and Ukrainian intelligibility of Polish is ~50%+. When we do intelligiblity studies, we look for virgin ears or people who have not heard the other language much or at all. What if akavian person is from dalmatian coastal village which is now half tokavised and tokavian speaker is from Dalmatian city which still has some elements of akavian, ikavian yat and is full of romanisms? WORD. As a result, I, who spoke fluent Ukrainian when I moved from Ukraine 18 years ago, have problems following modern speech on TV. For true MI testing, we want virgin ears, and it has to be both ways. I was born in Upper State and I can barely understand some southern speakers.Do you think the politics in USA is also preventing the formation of new languages ? Serbia is large and you should also ask Serbians in other regions. However, Chakavian magazines are published even today (Jembrigh 2014). Most native speakers agree on MI. Slovak has 91% intelligibility of Czech. For example, all Russian shows get subtitles on Ukrainian TV. It has also been described as a transitional dialect between Polish and Slovak. Not everyone within each of the three broad dialect areas speaks Yiddish in the same way -- there are sub-dialects, but they are mutually intelligible. Routledge. Is there an agreed-upon standard? You are probably talking about the study Mutual intelligibility between West and South Slavic languages? . Therefore I would go with 25%. I kind of like it though . Ive watched that movie on a croatian television with the croatian subtitle and understood that movie much much better, though Croatian also has a little differences. It all adds up, man. Maltese. Torlakians are often said to speak Bulgarian, but this is not exactly the case. Tradues em contexto de "mutuamente compreensvel" en portugus-ingls da Reverso Context : Os membros da equipa de verificao da Comisso podem comunicar com as autoridades e com o pessoal do operador da instalao numa lngua comum e mutuamente compreensvel. Huchon, Mireille, Histoire de la langue franaise, pages 214 and 223. Page 183 section 481. Croats say Macedonian is a complete mystery to them. They are essentially speaking the same language. Hello, can you tell me, how much Kajkavian can your average Chakavian speaker understand in percentage? Russian has high intelligibility of Belarussian, on the order of 75%. plenty of prepositions are used in a similar, if not identical, manner; to name an example, na is used in both Macedonian and Ni Torlak as a replacement for the Serbian genitive, in addition to its standard use as on(to) Once you learn Ukrainian, you can understand Polish, Czech, Belarusian, or other Slavic languages because they are quite similar. Russian has a decent intelligibility with Bulgarian, possibly on the order of 50%, but Bulgarian intelligibility of Russian seems lower. He said he is frequent visitor in Poland and therefore he speaks Polish. Serbo-Croatian (Shtokavian) has 55% intelligibility of Macedonian (varies from 25-90%), 27% of Slovenian, 25% of Slovak, 20% of Ukrainian, 13% of oral Bulgarian and 25% of written Bulgarian, 10% of oral Russian and 22% of written Russian, 10% of Czech, and 5% of Polish. What about USAs dialects. Eastern Slovak may have 72% intelligibility of Ukrainian. Interesting article but I think there are some minor and some major mistakes and misunderstandigs. Do you speak Ukrainian. Southern Slovak on the Hungarian border has a harder time understanding Polish because they do not hear it much. but what if person is from island and speaks heavy akavian and tokavian speaker is real tokavian like from Slavonia (North Eastern Croatia). There is much nonsense said about the mutual intelligibility of the various languages in the Slavic family. I will also say that it is a fact that a British intelligence linked terrorist Anas al-Liby recruited by MI6 to kill Gadaffi in 96 was involved in the African Embassy bombings. Kajkavian, especially the ZagorjeKajkaviandialect around Zagreb, is close to theStajerskadialect of Slovene. Its also said that Serbo-Croatian can understand Bulgarian and Macedonian, but this is not true. Now onto the discussion. A more updated version of this paper with working hyperlinks can be found on Academia.edu here. Is Ukrainian mutually intelligible with Polish? Main difference between akavian, kajkavian and tokavian is in vocabulary. Pei Mario (1949). In its written form Bulgarian is even more different than in its spoken form. Maybe its a lack of vocabulary, but I havent heard that word from someone personally yet. He printed out the paper and showed it to his colleagues at the next meeting, and they spent some time discussing it. Postby voron 2018-01-26, 22:33. They exist, but not in such a degree to render them unintelligible. Part of the problem between Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian is that so many of the basic words be, do, this, that, where are different, however, much of the rest of the vocabulary is the same. A Serbian friend of mine was estaunished to see how some Macedonian celebrities speak Serbian on the TV without accent. Yes and if you could more than one listener, it would be great. Hence, Russians understand the colloquial Ukrainian spoken in the countryside pretty well, but they understand the modern standard heard on TV much less. Was he from Belgrade or Novi Sad or Nis? akavian differs from the other nearby Slavic lects spoken in the country due to the presence of many Italian words. Czech: 10% In this case, too, however, while mutual intelligibility between speakers of the distant remnant languages may be greatly constrained, it is likely not at the zero level of completely unrelated languages. Personal communication. That is ~90% our language. Much of the claimed intelligibility is simply bilingual learning. In this case, another criteria I would also consider is how hard or easy it is for a Serb to start understanding Macedonian. As soon as one gets even a very moderate amount of exposure, comprehension improves, even between such geographically distant languages as Polish and Serbian I remember staying in Montenegro and a Pole buying bread and a Montenegrin could still communicate with each other speaking at a slow-enough pace. Serbo-Croatian and Russian have 10-15% intelligibility, if that, yet written intelligibility is higher at 25%. A Moravian Czech speaker (Eastern Czech) and a Bratislavan Slovak (Western Slovak) speaker understand each other very well. I am a native Spanish speaker but my girlfriend is Macedonian. This implies that some of the high intelligibility between Slovak and Polish may be due to bilingual learning on the part of Slovaks. Hello, the difference of course is completely arbitrary, but above 90%, most speakers regard their comprehension as full or say things like I understand it completely. Below 90%, it starts getting a lot more iffy, and down towards 80-85%, people start saying things like, I understand most of it but not all! and people start regarding the other tongue as possibly a separate language. can take anywhere. However, you do say later in the text that Intelligibility between the two is estimated at 82%. Robert Lindsay, Independent Journalist: l Talk about Things You're Not Supposed to Talk About. Scots and English are considered mutually intelligible. some things in this article are heavily exaggerated. Colloquial Ukrainian spoken in most of the country is pretty much comprehensible to Russians. How much of Ukrainian can these Russians in Canada understand? About the mistakes For instance, Portuguese and Spanish have a relatively high degree of mutual intelligibility, but theyre technically separate languages. The Russian language in the Ukraine has been declining recently mostly because since independence, the authorities have striven to make the new Ukrainian as far away from Russian as possible by adopting the Kharkiv Standard adopted in 1927 and jettisoning the 1932 Standard which brought Ukrainian more in line with Russian. A prima example of this is Russian where the 5% intelligibility could be pretty accurate in the case of a regular communication, because Russians have a very strong intonation, and they simply dont pronounce vowels properly. For instance, he and she in Standard Macedonia is toj and taa respectively, very close to Bulgarian toy and tya. Macedonian: 50-60 % If we consider that syntax/lexics is the heart of language, than Serbian and Macedonian are the same language. 25/01/23 | StarsInsider. .Interestingly, Ukrainians can understand the Russian language better than the Russians would understand the Ukrainian. Pronunciation is quite different, but all patterns are easy to catch. Thank you very much for this. ago. And the same problem emerges in other situations. Probably, ja u da radim for Bosnians and Croatians sounds very Serbian. It is time to stop believing to the politically motivated propaganda about our languages and start telling the truth. The base of Molise Croatian was Shtokavian with an Ikavian accent and a heavy Chakavian base similar to what is now spoken as Southern Kajkavian Ikavian on the islands of Croatia. However, Bulgarians claim to be able to understand Serbo-Croatian better than the other way around. Slovenian: 20% Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? And the 25% is very low. Standard Czech and standard Slovak is almost totally intelligible (I would say about 90%) only very few words are of different origin. Additionally, Norwegian assimilated a considerable amount of Danish vocabulary as well as traditional Danish expressions. This list focuses on common languages widely thought to be at least partially and mutually intelligible. > Much of the claimed intelligibility was simply bilingual learning. According to Ethnologue, there are more than 7,000 languages in the world, with some being more difficult to learn than others. Are Russian and Polish mutually intelligible? [5][6] In a similar vein, some claim that mutual intelligibility is, ideally at least, the primary criterion separating languages from dialects.[7]. These figures were tallied up for each pair of languages to be tabulated and were then all averaged together. Also there have been some czecho-slovak shows in TV lately like Czecho-Slovak Idol or Talent with judges and competitors from both countries and I have never heard of anyone who would complain about not understanding. Hag_Boulder 9 mo. Russian is partially mutually intelligible with Ukrainian, Rusyn and Belarusian. Ukrainian language, formerly called Ruthenian or Little Russian (now considered pejorative), Ukrainian Ukrans'ka mova, East Slavic language spoken in Ukraine and in Ukrainian communities in Kazakhstan, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Lithuania, and Slovakia and by smaller numbers elsewhere. They sometimes say that youngsters do not but that is just a myth. Method: It is important to note that the percentages are in general only for oral intelligibility and only in the case of a situation of a pure inherent intelligibility test. Mutually Intelligible And Different. Perhaps you would care to explain why the FBI has NOT charged Osama Bin Ladin with 9/11 but with the African Embassy bombings. [4], Some linguists use mutual intelligibility as a primary criterion for determining whether two speech varieties represent the same or different languages. Many Turkic languages are mutually intelligible to a higher or lower degree, but thorough empirical research is needed to establish the exact levels and patterns of mutual intelligibility between the languages of this linguistic family. Serbian is a macrolanguage made up to two languages: Shtokavian Serbian and Torlak or Gorlak Serbian. Bulgarian and Macedonian can understand each other to a great degree (65-80%) but not completely. I think Robert has done articles on 9/11 conspiracy theories and their level of crediblity, yeah. Finally, understanding mutual intelligibility gives you helpful insight into the history of a language. This term is similar to linguistic distance in that it can reflect how similar or different languages are. If the Torlaks can understand those languages it is because they have been hearing them! Id guess mutual intelligibility there is somewhere on the level of 75~80%, which is pretty pathetic. the copula is mostly the same (sm/si/e/smo/ste/su vs. sum/si/e/sme/ste/se) http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings. There is . For example, those who learn Ukrainian will eventually know 70% of Polish lexicon and a . JohnUK. Despite a lot of commonality between the dialects, the differences between them are significant. Its mainly in the weird Bulgarian grammar! #5. Russia Invades Ukraine pt XII. It is also said that West Slovak (Bratislava) cannot understand East Slovak, so Slovak may actually two different languages, but this is controversial. Polish and Ukrainian have higher lexical similarity at 72%, and Ukrainian intelligibility of Polish is ~50%+. Ni Torlak vowel reflexes are otherwise in line with standard Serbian and Northwestern Macedonian, deriving nuclear /u e i e u r/ from / y * *l *r/; some Torlak dialects towards Kosovo or Bulgaria instead have [l ~ l] for /l/ (giving [v()l(:)k] where Serbian normally has [v:k]) but none in my vicinity.