We will add to our Promtail scrape configs, the ability to read the Nginx access and error logs. Octet counting is recommended as the Topics are refreshed every 30 seconds, so if a new topic matches, it will be automatically added without requiring a Promtail restart. You can set grpc_listen_port to 0 to have a random port assigned if not using httpgrpc. The key will be. # log line received that passed the filter. text/template language to manipulate They expect to see your pod name in the "name" label, They set a "job" label which is roughly "your namespace/your job name". It is usually deployed to every machine that has applications needed to be monitored. # The port to scrape metrics from, when `role` is nodes, and for discovered. Restart the Promtail service and check its status. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. The pod role discovers all pods and exposes their containers as targets. Promtail will serialize JSON windows events, adding channel and computer labels from the event received. directly which has basic support for filtering nodes (currently by node Where may be a path ending in .json, .yml or .yaml. E.g., we can split up the contents of an Nginx log line into several more components that we can then use as labels to query further. https://www.udemy.com/course/zabbix-monitoring/?couponCode=607976806882D016D221 # Configuration describing how to pull logs from Cloudflare. Be quick and share values. Having a separate configurations makes applying custom pipelines that much easier, so if Ill ever need to change something for error logs, it wont be too much of a problem. This example of config promtail based on original docker config Their content is concatenated, # using the configured separator and matched against the configured regular expression. Rewriting labels by parsing the log entry should be done with caution, this could increase the cardinality A new server instance is created so the http_listen_port and grpc_listen_port must be different from the Promtail server config section (unless its disabled). Be quick and share with Logpull API. In a container or docker environment, it works the same way. If you are rotating logs, be careful when using a wildcard pattern like *.log, and make sure it doesnt match the rotated log file. This is possible because we made a label out of the requested path for every line in access_log. ), # Max gRPC message size that can be received, # Limit on the number of concurrent streams for gRPC calls (0 = unlimited). Summary new targets. Idioms and examples on different relabel_configs: https://www.slideshare.net/roidelapluie/taking-advantage-of-prometheus-relabeling-109483749. # which is a templated string that references the other values and snippets below this key. Regardless of where you decided to keep this executable, you might want to add it to your PATH. # The list of brokers to connect to kafka (Required). If running in a Kubernetes environment, you should look at the defined configs which are in helm and jsonnet, these leverage the prometheus service discovery libraries (and give Promtail its name) for automatically finding and tailing pods. The syslog block configures a syslog listener allowing users to push # defaulting to the metric's name if not present. # Name to identify this scrape config in the Promtail UI. Simon Bonello is founder of Chubby Developer. To download it just run: After this we can unzip the archive and copy the binary into some other location. In most cases, you extract data from logs with regex or json stages. If, # inc is chosen, the metric value will increase by 1 for each. sudo usermod -a -G adm promtail. References to undefined variables are replaced by empty strings unless you specify a default value or custom error text. defaulting to the Kubelets HTTP port. # Describes how to save read file offsets to disk. Why do many companies reject expired SSL certificates as bugs in bug bounties? The following meta labels are available on targets during relabeling: Note that the IP number and port used to scrape the targets is assembled as # When true, log messages from the journal are passed through the, # pipeline as a JSON message with all of the journal entries' original, # fields. # if the targeted value exactly matches the provided string. ingress. Services must contain all tags in the list. The cloudflare block configures Promtail to pull logs from the Cloudflare Docker service discovery allows retrieving targets from a Docker daemon. Promtail is deployed to each local machine as a daemon and does not learn label from other machines. Let's watch the whole episode on our YouTube channel. Verify the last timestamp fetched by Promtail using the cloudflare_target_last_requested_end_timestamp metric. YouTube video: How to collect logs in K8s with Loki and Promtail. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. Promtail is an agent which ships the contents of local logs to a private Grafana Loki instance or Grafana Cloud. Both configurations enable We will now configure Promtail to be a service, so it can continue running in the background. If omitted, all services, # See https://www.consul.io/api/catalog.html#list-nodes-for-service to know more. There youll see a variety of options for forwarding collected data. All Cloudflare logs are in JSON. Currently only UDP is supported, please submit a feature request if youre interested into TCP support. If a position is found in the file for a given zone ID, Promtail will restart pulling logs Consul SD configurations allow retrieving scrape targets from the Consul Catalog API. Its fairly difficult to tail Docker files on a standalone machine because they are in different locations for every OS. We start by downloading the Promtail binary. sequence, e.g. A bookmark path bookmark_path is mandatory and will be used as a position file where Promtail will And the best part is that Loki is included in Grafana Clouds free offering. # The information to access the Kubernetes API. rev2023.3.3.43278. How to use Slater Type Orbitals as a basis functions in matrix method correctly? The assignor configuration allow you to select the rebalancing strategy to use for the consumer group. Promtail is an agent that ships local logs to a Grafana Loki instance, or Grafana Cloud. The labels stage takes data from the extracted map and sets additional labels GitHub grafana / loki Public Notifications Fork 2.6k Star 18.4k Code Issues 688 Pull requests 81 Actions Projects 1 Security Insights New issue promtail: relabel_configs does not transform the filename label #3806 Closed message framing method. # The quantity of workers that will pull logs. command line. If all promtail instances have the same consumer group, then the records will effectively be load balanced over the promtail instances. The Docker stage parses the contents of logs from Docker containers, and is defined by name with an empty object: The docker stage will match and parse log lines of this format: Automatically extracting the time into the logs timestamp, stream into a label, and log field into the output, this can be very helpful as docker is wrapping your application log in this way and this will unwrap it for further pipeline processing of just the log content. Below are the primary functions of Promtail, Why are Docker Compose Healthcheck important. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Each log record published to a topic is delivered to one consumer instance within each subscribing consumer group. These tools and software are both open-source and proprietary and can be integrated into cloud providers platforms. service port. It is typically deployed to any machine that requires monitoring. You can also automatically extract data from your logs to expose them as metrics (like Prometheus). # or you can form a XML Query. Consul setups, the relevant address is in __meta_consul_service_address. The label __path__ is a special label which Promtail will read to find out where the log files are to be read in. For The timestamp stage parses data from the extracted map and overrides the final A tag already exists with the provided branch name. You may see the error "permission denied". The __param_ label is set to the value of the first passed However, in some Labels starting with __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_* are "meta labels" which are generated based on your kubernetes When defined, creates an additional label in, # the pipeline_duration_seconds histogram, where the value is. When we use the command: docker logs , docker shows our logs in our terminal. Here you will find quite nice documentation about entire process: https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/clients/promtail/pipelines/. They are set by the service discovery mechanism that provided the target (?Pstdout|stderr) (?P\\S+?) If this stage isnt present, Monitoring The recommended deployment is to have a dedicated syslog forwarder like syslog-ng or rsyslog E.g., You can extract many values from the above sample if required. Double check all indentations in the YML are spaces and not tabs. # If Promtail should pass on the timestamp from the incoming log or not. Client configuration. # Base path to server all API routes from (e.g., /v1/). If empty, uses the log message. then each container in a single pod will usually yield a single log stream with a set of labels required for the replace, keep, drop, labelmap,labeldrop and A tag already exists with the provided branch name. (?P.*)$". Are there tables of wastage rates for different fruit and veg? # The information to access the Consul Agent API. relabel_configs allows you to control what you ingest and what you drop and the final metadata to attach to the log line. Now lets move to PythonAnywhere. In addition, the instance label for the node will be set to the node name Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! # concatenated with job_name using an underscore. If you need to change the way you want to transform your log or want to filter to avoid collecting everything, then you will have to adapt the Promtail configuration and some settings in Loki. It is needed for when Promtail The list of labels below are discovered when consuming kafka: To keep discovered labels to your logs use the relabel_configs section. with your friends and colleagues. # The path to load logs from. <__meta_consul_address>:<__meta_consul_service_port>. # The type list of fields to fetch for logs. For example, it has log monitoring capabilities but was not designed to aggregate and browse logs in real time, or at all. If the endpoint is The windows_events block configures Promtail to scrape windows event logs and send them to Loki. For instance, the following configuration scrapes the container named flog and removes the leading slash (/) from the container name. be used in further stages. Clicking on it reveals all extracted labels. It will take it and write it into a log file, stored in var/lib/docker/containers/. Has the format of "host:port". # Patterns for files from which target groups are extracted. For all targets discovered directly from the endpoints list (those not additionally inferred It is the canonical way to specify static targets in a scrape therefore delays between messages can occur. If so, how close was it? The target address defaults to the first existing address of the Kubernetes this example Prometheus configuration file which contains information on the Promtail server, where positions are stored, The tenant stage is an action stage that sets the tenant ID for the log entry # The host to use if the container is in host networking mode. The CRI stage is just a convenience wrapper for this definition: The Regex stage takes a regular expression and extracts captured named groups to E.g., log files in Linux systems can usually be read by users in the adm group. Defines a histogram metric whose values are bucketed. # The string by which Consul tags are joined into the tag label. # TrimPrefix, TrimSuffix, and TrimSpace are available as functions. # An optional list of tags used to filter nodes for a given service. serverless setups where many ephemeral log sources want to send to Loki, sending to a Promtail instance with use_incoming_timestamp == false can avoid out-of-order errors and avoid having to use high cardinality labels. able to retrieve the metrics configured by this stage. relabeling phase. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, how to promtail parse json to label and timestamp, https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/clients/promtail/pipelines/, https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/clients/promtail/stages/timestamp/, https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/clients/promtail/stages/json/, How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability. The ingress role discovers a target for each path of each ingress. determines the relabeling action to take: Care must be taken with labeldrop and labelkeep to ensure that logs are Its value is set to the section in the Promtail yaml configuration. adding a port via relabeling. So add the user promtail to the systemd-journal group usermod -a -G . Each solution focuses on a different aspect of the problem, including log aggregation. __path__ it is path to directory where stored your logs. (Required). phase. Files may be provided in YAML or JSON format. The replace stage is a parsing stage that parses a log line using The output stage takes data from the extracted map and sets the contents of the Created metrics are not pushed to Loki and are instead exposed via Promtails # Regular expression against which the extracted value is matched. Download Promtail binary zip from the release page curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/grafana/loki/releases/latest | grep browser_download_url | cut -d '"' -f 4 | grep promtail-linux-amd64.zip | wget -i - new targets. and transports that exist (UDP, BSD syslog, …). This is generally useful for blackbox monitoring of a service. Example Use Create folder, for example promtail, then new sub directory build/conf and place there my-docker-config.yaml. Multiple tools in the market help you implement logging on microservices built on Kubernetes. # PollInterval is the interval at which we're looking if new events are available. # Node metadata key/value pairs to filter nodes for a given service. Promtail can continue reading from the same location it left in case the Promtail instance is restarted. Note that the IP address and port number used to scrape the targets is assembled as has no specified ports, a port-free target per container is created for manually # Describes how to receive logs from gelf client. time value of the log that is stored by Loki. Asking someone to prom is almost as old as prom itself, but as the act of asking grows more and more elaborate the phrase "asking someone to prom" is no longer sufficient. Only To subcribe to a specific events stream you need to provide either an eventlog_name or an xpath_query. metadata and a single tag). The endpoints role discovers targets from listed endpoints of a service. The same queries can be used to create dashboards, so take your time to familiarise yourself with them. You are using Docker Logging Driver to create complex pipelines or extract metrics from logs. '{{ if eq .Value "WARN" }}{{ Replace .Value "WARN" "OK" -1 }}{{ else }}{{ .Value }}{{ end }}', # Names the pipeline. The last path segment may contain a single * that matches any character Discount $9.99 A static_configs allows specifying a list of targets and a common label set Once everything is done, you should have a life view of all incoming logs. (default to 2.2.1). with the cluster state. # Value is optional and will be the name from extracted data whose value, # will be used for the value of the label. job and host are examples of static labels added to all logs, labels are indexed by Loki and are used to help search logs. for them. Promtail must first find information about its environment before it can send any data from log files directly to Loki. Refer to the Consuming Events article: # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/wes/consuming-events, # XML query is the recommended form, because it is most flexible, # You can create or debug XML Query by creating Custom View in Windows Event Viewer. On Linux, you can check the syslog for any Promtail related entries by using the command. Rebalancing is the process where a group of consumer instances (belonging to the same group) co-ordinate to own a mutually exclusive set of partitions of topics that the group is subscribed to. The second option is to write your log collector within your application to send logs directly to a third-party endpoint. in the instance. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. (e.g `sticky`, `roundrobin` or `range`), # Optional authentication configuration with Kafka brokers, # Type is authentication type. The section about timestamp is here: https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/clients/promtail/stages/timestamp/ with examples - I've tested it and also didn't notice any problem. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. You can add your promtail user to the adm group by running. While kubernetes service Discovery fetches the Kubernetes API Server required labels, static covers all other uses. The following command will launch Promtail in the foreground with our config file applied. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. # Whether Promtail should pass on the timestamp from the incoming syslog message. Since Loki v2.3.0, we can dynamically create new labels at query time by using a pattern parser in the LogQL query. configuration. Many of the scrape_configs read labels from __meta_kubernetes_* meta-labels, assign them to intermediate labels You can track the number of bytes exchanged, stream ingested, number of active or failed targets..and more. # A `host` label will help identify logs from this machine vs others, __path__: /var/log/*.log # The path matching uses a third party library, Use environment variables in the configuration, this example Prometheus configuration file. You can add additional labels with the labels property. # the key in the extracted data while the expression will be the value. # Either source or value config option is required, but not both (they, # Value to use to set the tenant ID when this stage is executed. The scrape_configs contains one or more entries which are all executed for each container in each new pod running When using the Catalog API, each running Promtail will get Creating it will generate a boilerplate Promtail configuration, which should look similar to this: Take note of the url parameter as it contains authorization details to your Loki instance. Changes to all defined files are detected via disk watches In this case we can use the same that was used to verify our configuration (without -dry-run, obviously). # Whether Promtail should pass on the timestamp from the incoming gelf message. The forwarder can take care of the various specifications E.g., log files in Linux systems can usually be read by users in the adm group. and vary between mechanisms. You can also run Promtail outside Kubernetes, but you would YML files are whitespace sensitive. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. The configuration is quite easy just provide the command used to start the task. The topics is the list of topics Promtail will subscribe to. "https://www.foo.com/foo/168855/?offset=8625", # The source labels select values from existing labels. of targets using a specified discovery method: Pipeline stages are used to transform log entries and their labels. # Supported values: default, minimal, extended, all. This means you don't need to create metrics to count status code or log level, simply parse the log entry and add them to the labels. Since Grafana 8.4, you may get the error "origin not allowed". Note the server configuration is the same as server. Labels starting with __ (two underscores) are internal labels. from a particular log source, but another scrape_config might. If everything went well, you can just kill Promtail with CTRL+C. # Cannot be used at the same time as basic_auth or authorization. There you can filter logs using LogQL to get relevant information. # about the possible filters that can be used. Once the service starts you can investigate its logs for good measure. In those cases, you can use the relabel If localhost is not required to connect to your server, type. The term "label" here is used in more than one different way and they can be easily confused. This is a great solution, but you can quickly run into storage issues since all those files are stored on a disk. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. such as __service__ based on a few different logic, possibly drop the processing if the __service__ was empty # Additional labels to assign to the logs. # The consumer group rebalancing strategy to use. See below for the configuration options for Kubernetes discovery: Where must be endpoints, service, pod, node, or if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'chubbydeveloper_com-box-3','ezslot_5',141,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-chubbydeveloper_com-box-3-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'chubbydeveloper_com-box-3','ezslot_6',141,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-chubbydeveloper_com-box-3-0_1'); .box-3-multi-141{border:none !important;display:block !important;float:none !important;line-height:0px;margin-bottom:7px !important;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;margin-top:7px !important;max-width:100% !important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center !important;}There are many logging solutions available for dealing with log data. users with thousands of services it can be more efficient to use the Consul API Prometheus Course You can set use_incoming_timestamp if you want to keep incomming event timestamps. You can configure the web server that Promtail exposes in the Promtail.yaml configuration file: Promtail can be configured to receive logs via another Promtail client or any Loki client. The target_config block controls the behavior of reading files from discovered Adding contextual information (pod name, namespace, node name, etc. Of course, this is only a small sample of what can be achieved using this solution. config: # -- The log level of the Promtail server. Promtail fetches logs using multiple workers (configurable via workers) which request the last available pull range Promtail saves the last successfully-fetched timestamp in the position file. # Must be either "inc" or "add" (case insensitive). # A `job` label is fairly standard in prometheus and useful for linking metrics and logs. # entirely and a default value of localhost will be applied by Promtail. Supported values [none, ssl, sasl]. service discovery should run on each node in a distributed setup. The relabeling phase is the preferred and more powerful from that position. We want to collect all the data and visualize it in Grafana. The pipeline is executed after the discovery process finishes. # Modulus to take of the hash of the source label values. The process is pretty straightforward, but be sure to pick up a nice username, as it will be a part of your instances URL, a detail that might be important if you ever decide to share your stats with friends or family. Now we know where the logs are located, we can use a log collector/forwarder. The full tutorial can be found in video format on YouTube and as written step-by-step instructions on GitHub. As of the time of writing this article, the newest version is 2.3.0. targets, see Scraping. Loki is a horizontally-scalable, highly-available, multi-tenant log aggregation system inspired by Prometheus. # TLS configuration for authentication and encryption. Defines a gauge metric whose value can go up or down. Prometheus service discovery mechanism is borrowed by Promtail, but it only currently supports static and Kubernetes service discovery. http://ip_or_hostname_where_Loki_run:3100/loki/api/v1/push. indicating how far it has read into a file. The match stage conditionally executes a set of stages when a log entry matches feature to replace the special __address__ label. Firstly, download and install both Loki and Promtail. Defines a counter metric whose value only goes up. # Allow stale Consul results (see https://www.consul.io/api/features/consistency.html). Loki is made up of several components that get deployed to the Kubernetes cluster: Loki server serves as storage, storing the logs in a time series database, but it wont index them. Promtail. The promtail module is intended to install and configure Grafana's promtail tool for shipping logs to Loki. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. At the moment I'm manually running the executable with a (bastardised) config file but and having problems. # The RE2 regular expression. The loki_push_api block configures Promtail to expose a Loki push API server. Each job configured with a loki_push_api will expose this API and will require a separate port. How to match a specific column position till the end of line? is any valid running (__meta_kubernetes_namespace) or the name of the container inside the pod (__meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name). The brokers should list available brokers to communicate with the Kafka cluster. Now, lets have a look at the two solutions that were presented during the YouTube tutorial this article is based on: Loki and Promtail. Regex capture groups are available. The group_id defined the unique consumer group id to use for consuming logs. So that is all the fundamentals of Promtail you needed to know. # Label to which the resulting value is written in a replace action. After that you can run Docker container by this command. Get Promtail binary zip at the release page. You might also want to change the name from promtail-linux-amd64 to simply promtail. # Describes how to scrape logs from the Windows event logs. Maintaining a solution built on Logstash, Kibana, and Elasticsearch (ELK stack) could become a nightmare. How to notate a grace note at the start of a bar with lilypond? For example, in the picture above you can see that in the selected time frame 67% of all requests were made to /robots.txt and the other 33% was someone being naughty. # You can create a new token by visiting your [Cloudflare profile](https://dash.cloudflare.com/profile/api-tokens). If you have any questions, please feel free to leave a comment. The metrics stage allows for defining metrics from the extracted data. configuration. They are applied to the label set of each target in order of When using the Agent API, each running Promtail will only get promtail's main interface. filepath from which the target was extracted. promtail-linux-amd64 -dry-run -config.file ~/etc/promtail.yaml. usermod -a -G adm promtail Verify that the user is now in the adm group. You can use environment variable references in the configuration file to set values that need to be configurable during deployment. # A structured data entry of [example@99999 test="yes"] would become. Obviously you should never share this with anyone you dont trust. # Name from extracted data to whose value should be set as tenant ID. # The RE2 regular expression. Logging has always been a good development practice because it gives us insights and information to understand how our applications behave fully. Grafana Course logs to Promtail with the GELF protocol. The regex is anchored on both ends. This data is useful for enriching existing logs on an origin server. input to a subsequent relabeling step), use the __tmp label name prefix. # Sets the maximum limit to the length of syslog messages, # Label map to add to every log line sent to the push API. # Describes how to transform logs from targets. Cannot retrieve contributors at this time. The Promtail version - 2.0 ./promtail-linux-amd64 --version promtail, version 2.0.0 (branch: HEAD, revision: 6978ee5d) build user: root@2645337e4e98 build date: 2020-10-26T15:54:56Z go version: go1.14.2 platform: linux/amd64 Any clue?