On his release, Biggs took part in a failed robbery attempt of a bookmaker's office in Lambeth, London. It was then that the president of CBS records in Brazil saw me and thought I would do well as part of a boy band. The boat they took him aboard suffered mechanical problems off Barbados, and the stranded kidnappers and Biggs were rescued by the Barbados coastguard and towed into port in Barbados. But the arson did not go off as planned, leaving behind enough evidence for authorities to track them down.For the British, caught in the grip of imperial decline, the robbery was a national sensation, the "crime of the century. I said yeah, why not, and that's how the idea for my football academy started. There was a problem getting your location. He lived four more years. This browser does not support getting your location. Ronald Biggs was no hardened criminal when he was invited by his friend Bruce Reynolds to participate in what was to become the Great Train Robbery. "[29] Mills never fully recovered from his injuries sustained during the robbery. I have been in jail for a long time, and I want to die a free man. "If they say prison is to rehabilitate a person, then to my satisfaction, I am totally and completely rehabilitated. In fact, the man who Biggs claims coshed Mr Mills has never been caught. ", Did it ever get too much for him, I wonder. [21] The kidnapping attempt was the subject of the film Prisoner of Rio (1988), which was co-written by Biggs. Biggs was eventually released in 2009, two days before his 80th birthday, having served around a third of his original 30-year term. So I missed my childhood years a lot. "We couldn't believe it. Previously sponsored memorials or famous memorials will not have this option. Rolls" of 1273, one Alan Bigge from Cambridgeshire was mentioned as English surname "Biggs" appears to be of nickname origin, being one of [41], On 23 April 2009, the Parole Board recommended that Biggs be released on 4 July,[42] having served a third of his 30-year sentence. "I'm not proud of what he did, not proud that he was a criminal. [4] Allowed by authorities to remain in Australia, she reverted to her maiden name of Brent and sold her story for 40,000 to an Australian media group to enable her to purchase the rented house that the family had lived in at the time of Biggs's flight to Brazil. Thus, the surname would have been used to describe one who was of large or . [5] Biggs was given the job of arranging for Agate to move the Royal Mail train after it had been waylaid. Please enter your email address and we will send you an email with a reset password code. The convicted gang members still refuse to give him up, and he remains one of three robbers never caught. Research the Biggs surname using fold3 Military Archives and view images of original Biggs Military records. Thanks for using Find a Grave, if you have any feedback we would love to hear from you. Study MyTrees for information on the Biggs family and people looking to contact living Biggs relations. I'll live on just to spite those who want me dead," he told a newspaper.Many years ago, Biggs said he deserved to be free.Since his escape from Britain, "I've maintained an honest life. RONALD LEE BIGGSRonald Lee Biggs, age 72, of Woodland, WA, died Tuesday, January 11, 2005 at Woodland, WA. Less than two days previously, Ronnie Biggs was enjoying the first months of yet another year as a fugitive, drinking in the bars and walking on the beaches of Rio de Janeiro with his young son, Mike, in tow. He married his second wife, Raimunda de Castro, in 2003; he had four sons from his previous marriage with Charmian Powell. He is took part in the Great Train Robbery of 1963. Michael added: "My father wants to set the record straight (with the book). They had 4 children: Michael Biggs, Nicholas Biggs, Christopher Biggs and Farley Paul Biggs. I want him to be able to come and sit in my garden here with us." . Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. I might even surprise them all by lasting until Christmas, that would be fantastic."[46]. Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Ronald Biggs (121875137)? "The first three years I was here we lived apart, because the government was very vindictive towards my family. [6], His son Michael said in a press release that, contrary to some press reports, Biggs did not return to the UK simply to receive health care which was not available in Brazil, and he had friends who would have contributed to such expenses,[27] but that it was his desire to "walk into a Margate pub as an Englishman and buy a pint of bitter". On his 34th birthday, in 1963, Biggs and 14 other masked thieves forced the mail train to stop by turning a track signal to red, swarming aboard under cover of darkness.They beat the driver senseless with an iron bar; the man never fully recovered from his head injuries. Looking for information on a Ronnie Biggs in your family tree? You've got to make a living.". Verify and try again. If you have questions, please contact [emailprotected]. The "Authorities arrested and convicted more than a dozen people, including Biggs, in connection with the heist. Money worries force her husband to ask for a loan from Bruce Reynolds, planner of one of the most famous crimes in British history, the Great Train . "I've got no shame whatsoever. How much did Michael know about his father's past? Ronnie married Charmian Powell. Arrested by Det Chief Inspector Jack Slipper in the then Hotel Trocadero (now Arena) on Copacabana Beach. In the film, Biggs was played by Paul Freeman. We know that Ronnie Darrell Biggs had been residing in Prescott, Yavapai County, Arizona . those names derived from a personal or physical characteristic of the Michael Biggs and I meet only a few hours after Abdelbaset al-Megrahi, "the Lockerbie bomber" convicted of 270 counts of murder and now dying of cancer, has been released. The way Straw conducted himself in relation to my father was horrible. It was because his mother, Raimunda de Castro then an "exotic dancer" was pregnant with him that the first attempt by the British government to extradite his father failed. Biggs had no way to support himself in Brazil so the press became his way to survive, he said. that have similar sounds so you may want to also look at one or two of the more likely possibilites. Use the links under See more to quickly search for other people with the same last name in the same cemetery, city, county, etc. When you're hard up, man, and your back's against the wall, you hustle," he said. He said Biggs, who is originally from Lambeth, south London, had a final wish that his ashes be spread between Brazil and London. The heist's mastermind, Bruce Reynolds, an antiques dealer who went by the nickname "Napoleon," invited Biggs to join in late in the process of putting together a daring plan to ambush the Glasgow-to-London mail train.By then, Ronald Arthur Biggs, who was born Aug. 8, 1929, in Surrey, south of London, was a carpenter looking for some easy money. Please try again later. 1906), the English Please ensure you have given Find a Grave permission to access your location in your browser settings. Long and Short would have developed in the same way. "I didn't have a childhood," he explains. Take me back. Charmian studies for a degree as a mature student. Try again. She misses Ron, and he is lonely, working as a roofer in a dingy Rio suburb. He was 84.Biggs died during the night, his official Twitter account said Wednesday morning; a woman at the nursing home where he was living, outside London, confirmed the news. "He would have been dead long ago if he hadn't come back.". [9] With their timetable brought forward due to the police investigation closing in, Biggs returned home on the following Friday, with his stash in two canvas bags. He escaped from prison in 1965 and lived as a fugitive for 36 years. The email does not appear to be a valid email address. Brazilian law at the time did not allow a parent of a Brazilian child to be extradited. At the weekends we did the concerts 30,000, sometimes 60,000 people. Charmian agrees to sell her story to the, With the Packer money, Charmian buys a new house for herself and the boys. Some of the names in the series were changed for legal reasons. Thus, the So I asked my mother to come over here and marry my father and that's what she did, so I could stay permanently. "He was arrested upon landing, then remanded to the high-security Belmarsh Prison in southeastern London to serve out the remaining 28 years and 9 months of his sentence.Lawyers filed repeated appeals to spring him from jail. [4], In 1966, Biggs fled to Sydney, where he lived for several months before moving to the seaside suburb of Glenelg in Adelaide, South Australia. Ronald Biggs, the train robber . Failed to delete memorial. I tried everything to persuade him not to. But why is it that the Great Train Robber still holds such fascination now, nearly half a century on from his crime? Michael was devastated. ", Michael Biggs on his life as the son of the train robber and why he thinks Ronnie's release was linked to the Lockerbie bomber judgment, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Ronnie Biggs in Brazil in 2000 with his son Michael and his wife Veronica, and grandchild Ingrid. Even in Brazil, I was a prisoner of my own making. The terms of his staying in Brazil meant that he was not allowed to work. Are you sure that you want to delete this memorial? People call me from Brazil who have got iron ore mines; they ask me, 'We've got iron ore can you get us someone to sell it to?' The family prospered, but in 1963 the birth of a second son,. "I know I had too many of the pleasures of life, too soon and in abundance. It is not the story of a train robbery, but a remarkable story of a remarkable mans struggle for liberty. While he was being held captive, Michael had gone to the press and had made televised appeals for his father's return leading to another extraordinary twist in this story. His life as a criminal on the run filled many newspaper column inches over the decades, as did his return to Britain in 2001 to face justice, his return to prison and then the controversial decision to release him on health grounds in 2009. (Margate is a seaside town on England's southeastern coast.) Many large databases are available to search covering from births, deaths and marriages, military records, census records and immigration records with many other smaller collections too. "That, however, is a question that will no doubt live on. Learn more about merges. Family names can get corrupted over time, particularly where literacy was not as good. ", As a frail Biggs responded to the requests, a smile creeping across his face, his son joked: "He'll be up tap dancing next.". [8], Having unloaded 120 of the 128 mailbags from the train within Reynolds' allotted timetable, and returned to their hideout at Leatherslade Farm, various sources show that the robbery yielded the participants 2.6 million (equivalent to about 57.9million or US$73 million in 2023 terms); Biggs's share was 147,000 (equivalent to 3,274,800 or US$4,128,565 in 2023). "He's not good," he says, suddenly looking down at the ground, "but the release and everything has brought him round a bit. The other boys in the band lived in Sao Paulo, but because of the terms of my dad's parole, we had to reside in Rio. Ronnie Biggs was jailed for 30 years for his part in the Great Train Robbery but later escaped from prison and went on the run for 35 years, Biggs's son Michael's birth prevented his extradition from Brazil back to the UK, The gang made off with 2.6m in used bank notes - a record haul at that time, Russian minister laughed at for Ukraine war claims. GREAT NEWS! His behaviour apparently still rankled when, in July, justice secretary Jack Straw blocked Biggs's parole application on the grounds that Biggs was "wholly unrepentant" and had "outrageously courted the media" during his life on the run. Is Ronnie unrepentant about his role in the train robbery, and everything that happened afterwards? Not only was I the son of the Train Robber and the son of a stripper but, worst of all, I was the boy from the band. The train driver's real name is unknown, since he was never caught. This type of surname was British Train Robber. Photograph: David Cairns/Rex, Ronnie Biggs, face of Great Train Robbery, slips away with perfect timing, Great Train Robber Ronnie Biggs dies aged 84 video report, Ronnie Biggs, Great Train Robber, dies aged 84, Ronnie Biggs picks his moment one last time, Ronnie Biggs: life and times of the Great Train Robber, Great Train Robbery: 10 things you didn't know, Ronnie Biggs's best quotes while on the run. She becomes pregnant and has a, Biggs's picture appears in an Australian magazine. The "From the age of seven when I joined the band I was working, grafting sometimes seven days a week. Ron was preparing to come back to the U.K. and the Yard had no idea he was in Rio, Brazil or even South America. Did he feel uncomfortable in any way that the book was ultimately profiting from crime? [10] In 1971, Biggs's eldest son, Nicholas, aged 10, died in a car crash[11] in Melbourne. Biggs engages in drink, drugs and women, eventually meeting Raimunda, a beautiful young Brazilian dancer. He chose Latin America. ", A year after the band folded, Michael made his first trip to the UK, doing some more recording and making new friends one of whom he ended up lodging with when he returned to the UK again, with Ronnie, in 2001. Robert A. BiggsSr. A firm shake of the head. A DNA test can sometimes help to make a link to a particular family name if you find you share common DNA with people who have the same or similar surnames as each other. OK, but is he sorry for what he did? [1] He was unable to speak and used a word board to communicate with the press. On 13 February that year, it was reported that Biggs had been taken to hospital from his cell at Norwich Prison, suffering from pneumonia. Edit a memorial you manage or suggest changes to the memorial manager. accompanied by the prefix "de" or "atte"' meaning "of/from" or "at Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. He never even set foot on that train. "That's the place to go. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. These can sometimes be a good way of finding living relations as "We saw that rapists and child molesters were getting out in just a few years, whereas my father had never actually hurt anyone. "It was hard for my father. His family said the book - named Odd Man Out: The Last Straw - was a chance for Biggs to answer the "many misconceptions" about the robbery. Biggs was born in Stockwell, London, on 8 August 1929. "You know, I didn't want him to return, no way. He escaped from prison and lived on the run with his family in Paris, Australia, and Rio de Janerio. Biggs's son responded: "This is not profiting from crime this is profiting from his life. [3], In 1947, at age 18, Biggs enlisted in the Royal Air Force. This account has been disabled. An honour guard of British Hells Angels escorted his hearse to the crematorium. "Nice to see you again, Ronnie," Slipper said after strolling into his elusive quarry's hotel room in Rio.But Biggs gave Slipper the slip. He told me, 'Mate, you're going about life the wrong way. Straw decides to allow me to do that. Charmian Brent was 17. Drag images here or select from your computer for Ronald Arthur Ronnie Biggs memorial. "My dad stood by me, brought me up on his own. It had now been almost 20 years since he and the fellow Great Train Robbery crew had carried out the largest heist in British history. He was badly beaten by some of the gang and never recovered. Add to your scrapbook. But I stay diplomatic. "In the middle Ronnie - gis' a wave Ron, thumbs up Ron. Ancestry.com Global records search results, Ancestry.ca Canadian records search results, Ancestry.com.au Australian records search results, Did you know that in the 1881 UK census there were. Now I was working on building sites carrying bags of rubble, doing any labouring job to give me the money to be able to live and visit my father. [2], While filming in Australia, Sheridan Smith and Daniel Mays spent an evening at Charmians house, where she showed them her archive of personal letters and scrapbooks. "Ronnie, this way, Ronnie," they shouted. Ronnie Biggs, 35, jailed for 30 years for his part in the Great Train Robbery, was one of four prisoners that escaped from Wandsworth prison. He had to endure the grief of the loss of his eldest son in a family car crash, without being able to talk to any one or mourn his child. Edit Search New Search Filters (1). Three weeks later, he was arrested in South London, along with 11 other members of the gang. I said as a matter of fact I did, but I knew them from the pub! "I've made a mark for myself. Works at Cox Interior. His representatives, seeking for his release on grounds of compassion, said that their client's death was likely to be imminent. In March 1981, Biggs was kidnapped by a gang of British ex-soldiers. But surely it was a hell of a gamble? Despite Ronnie Biggs's very real suffering in prison, first in Belmarsh and later in HMP Norwich, many on the outside believed he was getting what he deserved. My life has been wasted. "He was at the center of yet another imagination-defying episode when, in 1981, ex-British soldiers kidnapped Biggs and smuggled him to Barbados, apparently with the intention of turning him over to the British government. [1], After an accomplice failed to carry out his instructions to burn down Leatherslade Farm to destroy any evidence there,[1] Biggs's fingerprints were found on a tomato sauce bottle by Metropolitan Police investigators. "I don't regret the fact that I was involved in the train robbery. Charmian Brent, not Charmaine, is the former wife of great train robber Ronnie Biggs. 1-20 of 467,674 The story fascinates even those who were too young to remember the Great Train Robbery, much as the stories of Butch Cassidy and Robin Hood still hold their international appeal today. Biggs's son by de Castro, Michael Biggs, was seven years old when he became a member of the highly successful[22] Brazilian children's programme and music band Balo Mgico (19821986),[22][23] bringing relative financial security to his father. Can you imagine the outcry if they hadn't? We hope you find this information useful! Try again later. In 2012, Charmian acted as a consultant on the five-part ITV Studios docu-drama Mrs Biggs, which recounts the couple's time from first meeting to Biggs's flight to Brazil. So I thought he had robbed a ship. "Repentance is a word for priests," Michael says. Ronald Arthur Biggs(8 August 1929 - 18 December 2013) was an English criminal who helped plan and carry out the Great Train Robbery of 1963. He arrived May 7, 2001, wearing a cowboy hat and a Sun T-shirt. [2] Smith's performance as Charmian received widespread critical acclaim, and she ultimately won the 2013 BAFTA Television Award for Best Actress. Are you sure that you want to report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive? Biggs had stated that he would no longer oppose extradition. Ronnie Biggs. "I'm on my way and ready to finally face the music. Wearing black sunglasses and skull and crossbones braces with a sharp black suit and blue tie, Biggs lapped up the attention as photographers closed in on his wheelchair. And after I tasted blood for the first time, I ended up becoming a bully myself for a while. In April 1977, Biggs attended an informal drinks party on board the Royal Navy frigate HMSDanae(F47), which was in Rio for a courtesy visit, but he was not arrested. Charmian Biggs acted as a consultant on the series and flew to Britain from Australia in February 2012, just before filming began. Explore the detail of Ronnie Biggs using the links below. I took a lot of bullying and had to learn how to fight. More on this story Great Train Robber Ronnie Biggs dies In 2001, Biggs returned to the United Kingdom and spent several years in prison, where his health rapidly declined. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. There is a problem with your email/password. Scotland Yard detective Jack Slipper arrived soon afterwards, but Biggs could not be extradited because his girlfriend, nightclub dancer Raimunda de Castro, was pregnant. Charmian met actress Sheridan Smith and sat with her at the manuscript read-through. They went through all of my daughter's possessions, through her powdered milk, treated them really nastily. In May 1967, the family moved to Melbourne, where he rented a house in the suburb of Blackburn North while his wife Charmian and their three sons lived in Doncaster East. He was released from prison on compassionate grounds in August 2009[2] and died in a nursing home in December 2013. ", All the same, Michael's relationship with his wife came under a lot of pressure. Log in or sign up for Facebook to connect with friends, family and people you know. It has not been an easy ride over the years. In Feb 1963 what would become Great Train Robbery started to take shape. Failed to remove flower. Video, Russian minister laughed at for Ukraine war claims, US-made cheese can be called 'gruyere' - court, Harry: I feared losing memories of mum during therapy, AOC under investigation for Met Gala dress, The children left behind in Cuba's exodus, Alex Murdaugh's legal troubles are far from over, Saving Private Ryan actor Tom Sizemore dies at 61, Walkie Talkie architect Rafael Violy dies aged 78. This is his last press appearance. But most of the stolen money was never recovered.Barely 15 months into his 30-year sentence at Wandsworth Prison in London, Biggs managed to escape in July 1965 by scaling a 30-foot wall with a rope ladder. "It meant I had to grow up very quickly. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/121875137/ronald-arthur-biggs. Ronnie lived in London. Ronnie Biggs; Samuel Biggs; Thomas Biggs; Tim Biggs; Valerie Pearl Biggs; John, Biggs, Pvt. His son Michael stated, "he's conscious but he's in a lot of pain". Five months later, he fled on a passenger liner from the Port of Melbourne, using the altered passport of a friend; his wife and sons remained in Australia. [3], Scenes of the Great Train Robbery were recreated on the East Lancashire Railway using a locomotive from the same batch of engines involved in the 1963 raid.[4]. He fled in a furniture van and eventually washed up in Australia, spending much of his share of the stolen cash along the way on plastic surgery to alter his appearance.But Scotland Yard in particular, a detective named Jack Slipper kept up its pursuit of him, which forced Biggs to look for a new fugitive-friendly haven. VideoRussian minister laughed at for Ukraine war claims, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, Xi Jinping's power grab - and why it matters, Snow, Fire and Lights: Photos of the Week. [51] In July 2013, The Great Train Robbery 50th Anniversary: 19632013 was published, with input from Biggs and Reynolds. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. Flowers added to the memorial appear on the bottom of the memorial or here on the Flowers tab. In August 2009, the British government relented from its unyielding stance and released Biggs from custody, concluding that at age 79 and nearly incapacitated in his hospital bed he no longer posed a threat to society.Biggs joked at his release that he would try to last until Christmas "to spite those who want me dead." Members of the gang, including Biggs, were sentenced to up to 30 years apiece. Results 1-20 of 24 View Record Name Birth Date Death Date Burial or Cremation Place; Ronnie Biggs spent decades as a fugitive, evading police and officials across the world. cemeteries found within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. '", But was Straw right? Then one day he sat me down and told me the truth. Your new password must contain one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more numbers or special characters. The band, The Magic Balloon Gang, flourished for six years from 1981, selling 12m records and bringing relative financial security to the Biggses for the next few years. your findings and also to tap into the knowledge that others may already have. In August 2010, it was claimed by the Sunday Mirror that Biggs would be attending a gala dinner where he would be collecting a lifetime achievement award for his services to crime. The series covers Mrs Charmian Biggs' journey from nave young woman to Biggs' wife and the mother of three young sons. If you are lucky then you may get a match within a few generations and discover some Biggs ancestors. ", When they began to seriously consider his father's return, Michael and Ronnie started monitoring the British press for sentencing trends. [32] The application was denied. Oops, we were unable to send the email. FreeBMD database. [48], On 12 January 2012, ITV Studios announced it had commissioned a five-part drama, Mrs Biggs, to be based around the life of Biggs's wife Charmian, played by Sheridan Smith and Biggs by Daniel Mays. The driver has been variously identified as "Stan Agate", or because of his age, "Old Pete" or "Pop". Asked if any of the proceeds from the book could go to his family, Biggs's son responded: "We haven't discussed that yet but it could be a possibility.". There was an error deleting this problem. The name evolved from the Middle English word "bigge", meaning "large, stout, strong". Explore the Ellis Island Database for information on Ronnie Biggs. One name that cropped up time and time again was that of Jack Mills. On 18 December 2013, aged 84, Biggs died at the Carlton Court Care Home in Barnet, north London, where he was being cared for. Something he could and would not accept. In the documentary, King claimed that the kidnapping may have been a deniable operation. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He was 84. The parole board had said he was coming home, then Straw said: 'No, he's not. Opening with a statement read by his son, Biggs gave a tongue-in-cheek thank you to those attending from "far and wide", including Australia and Brazil, where he spent 13,068 days on the run. Please complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person. He had been ill off and on for the past several years.Biggs fulfilled a wish by going to his grave a free man, despite having been thrown back in jail after returning to England in 2001 and surrendering to authorities. This database contains over 25 million immigration records detailing passengers arriving in the United States of America. The sponsor of a memorial may add an additional. . ", Michael's life here became more secure a couple of years ago, with another typically outlandish-sounding development. Besides the constant worry of capture, he often had to go months and sometimes years without seeing his family, friends and loved ones as he survived by his wits. There is 1 volunteer for this cemetery. Learn about how to make the most of a memorial. the It is difficult not to link the two events in our initial conversation, no matter how strongly the government denies there was any pre-arranged deal. or refute your own deductions - however, be wary of taking this data at face value as other researchers may not have been as meticulous as you. [1][3], On the night of the hold up, Biggs told his wife he was off logging with Reynolds in Wiltshire. were Robert Bigge from Huntingdonshire and William Bigge He tried to give himself up to the authorities on more than one occasion, but each time to no avail. That's what he's supposed to do.". Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the slide dots. But give me three months. I hope Mr. The aftermath of the train robbery and Biggs subsequent escape from prison leads to a life of flight for Charmian and her children as she tries to keep the family together.[1]. Biggs's part in the 1963 Great Train Robbery - in which a gang held up a mail train, making off with 2.6m - and his later escape from prison that sparked a global chase gave him a notoriety that has enthralled the press for nearly half a century. '", Even then, Michael's lifestyle was in danger of taking a heavy toll. He fled first to Belgium and then France, where he underwent plastic surgery and acquired a false passport before heading for a new life in Australia, where he was joined later by his wife Charmaine and his two children, Michael's older half-brothers. [1][6] During his time in prison, Charmian had started an extramarital relationship and was pregnant by the time of his escape to the Continent. There are no volunteers for this cemetery. The first wife of Great Train robber Ronnie Biggs has died aged 75, just a year after the criminal husband with whom she went into hiding in Australia also passed away. Ronnie Darrell Biggs was born on March 2, 1943. British Train Robber. A region 2, two disc set of the series was released on 15 October 2012. Biggs was eventually released in 2009, two days before his 80th birthday, having served around a third of his original 30-year term. To add a flower, click the Leave a Flower button. More on this story Great Train Robber Ronnie Biggs dies We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. Investigate for the UK registered births, marriages and deaths of Ronnie Biggs using the No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. Ronald Arthur "Ronnie" Biggs (8 August 1929 - 18 December 2013) was a British robber. A posse which for many years had hunted Biggs down as Britains most wanted man, this despite the fact that he had never been involved in any violent crime.