You also could have pockets within your garden that are warmer or cooler than the general zone for your area or for the rest of your yard, such as a sheltered area in front of a south-facing wall or a low spot where cold air pools first. USDA Zones In Canada: Are Canada Growing Zones Similar To U.S. What Are Climate Zones Gardening In Different Climate Types, Easy Garden Arbor Ideas - How To Make An Arbor For Your Garden, Planting Near Your Home: Foundation Plants For The Front Yard, Popular Arbor Varieties - Learn About Different Garden Arbor Styles, Growing Hostas In Colorado And The Southwest US, Lawn Alternatives Northeast Gardeners Should Try, Alabama Planting Zones USDA Map Of Alabama Growing Zones, Alaska Planting Zones USDA Map Of Alaska Growing Zones, Home & Garden Marketplace: Advertiser Info. Wind, soil type, soil moisture, humidity, pollution, snow, and winter sunshine can greatly affect the survival of plants. Heres another example: If we use the zip code 90210 we will see that we land in the zone 10b, which has an average minimal yearly temperature of 30F to 35F, so if we wanted to grow cacao we would need to figure out what temperatures it grows well in, says deRose. You can do this for plants in Zones 5 or 6 as well, if temperatures are drastically and unusually low, too. Read our Privacy Policy and Terms and Conditions. The Plant Hardiness Zones divide the United States and Canada into 11 areas based on a 10 degree Fahrenheit difference in the average annual minimum temperature. The USDA map is color coded to make it even easier to see where your area falls. Growing plants at the extreme of the coldest zone where they are adapted means that they could experience a year with a rare, extreme cold snap that lasts just a day or two, and plants that have thrived happily for several years could be lost. Visit the ARS Plant Hardiness Zone Website, US Forest Service, FM-RM-VE Type in the area's ZIP code that you wish to plant a garden or outdoor landscape, and your zone number will show up. Annuals and Perennials vary depending on where you live. Stay tuned for the first newsletter in the morning, straight to your inbox. For example, if you plan to put dahlias outdoors after the last frost, but want an early start on them, you can count backward from that last date. Washington DC 20250-1103, https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/Native_Plant_Materials/Native_Gardening/hardinesszones.shtml, Pollinator-Friendly Best Management Practices, Native Plant Material Accomplishment Reports, Fading Gold: The Decline of Aspen in the West, Wildflowers, Part of the Pagentry of Fall Colors, Tall Forb Community of the Intermountain West, Basic Instructions for Restoration and Native Landscaping, Strategic Planning, Budget And Accountability, Recreation, Heritage And Volunteer Resources. They are based on the average lowest temperatures, not the lowest ever. A sample map of the USDA Plant Hardiness Zones is below. Most plants that you buy are marked with a hardiness zone number. Find out where you fall in the USDA Hardiness Zones database. Bee-Friendly Single-Flowered Dahlia Mixture, Plant in the Fall for Beautiful Spring Blooms, Turn Up the Heat in Cut Arrangements, Containers and More, Create Brilliant If you know your hardiness zone, find the best plants or exciting garden ideas for your geographic area. But many plants are not capable of this and will simply die if exposed to temperatures beyond what they can withstand so zones provide guidance when you're buying seeds so you know if your chosen crop can grow where you live, Bailey says. Plus, there is a late summer monsoon season, so use it to offer some heat reduction and plant during this time as well. A map or option to enlarge would have helped greatly. A large part of southern regions will be within Zone 8. 3501 New York Avenue, NE Washington, DC 20002 / 202-245-4523. You look like someone who loves free workouts, discounts for cult-fave wellness brands, and exclusive Well+Good content. Or grow cacao ahead of time where it is done before the coldest months of the year.". If you are unsure what growing zone you are in, you can enter in your zip code in the tool at the top right of the website and it will tell you. These are tiny pockets whichmost commonly occur in areas with steep elevation changes, a body of water, or urbanization. That range may be wide for some varieties and species but narrow for others. Sign up to get all the latest gardening tips! The remaining Texas zones include 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b and 9a. To get you started, here's what you need to know about plant growth and different zones around the world. Enter your ZIP code in the search bar and click enter. (The United States falls within Zones 2 through 10). You can add in granny smith apples and some other herbs here too, like tarragon and sage, as well as some other varieties of stone fruit and persimmons, among other crops. Below is the USDA planting zones map, also known as the USDA Hardiness Zone map. Accessed from http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov, Providing Central Access to USDAs Open Research Data, 005:040 - Department of Agriculture - National Research, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map, 2012. The 2012 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map is the standard by which gardeners and growers can determine which plants are most likely to thrive at a location. In Zones 9 and 10, the results are pretty similar, as there isnt much difference in climate range. Would have liked to use the may but couldn't read because of small size. Read more articles about USDA Planting Zones. Cocoa can grow in the range of 65F to 90F (18-32C). The USDA Hardiness Zone Map divides North America into 11 separate planting zones; each growing zone is 10F warmer (or colder) in an average winter than the adjacent zone. Individual gardens also may have very localized microclimates. See our article on natural landscaping. Bailey offers an example based on his zip code, which youd find through search on the USDA map guide (in the search section where you enter your zip code). The temperatures do not take wind chill intoaccount. Find more gardening information on Gardening Know How: Keep up to date with all that's happening in and around the garden. Note that planting zones are a guide, not absolute, especially if you live in a microclimate. landscape with useful tools and beautiful garden dcor. Users may also simply type in a ZIP Code and find the hardiness zone for that area. Understanding the USDA planting zones you live in can mean the difference between success and failure in your garden. Certain areas of your yard could be hot spots and might be able to tolerate one zone higher. If your hardiness zone has changed in this edition of the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (PHZM), it does not mean you should start pulling plants out of your garden or change what you are growing. Stay tuned for the first newsletter in the morning, straight to your inbox. Enter your zip code below to find your planting zone 2 Choose your plants Browse through over 150 vegetables, herbs, flowers & fruits 3 Explore your calendar Learn which plants to grow in your zone & when to plant them Start here! Custom programming and server maintenance by Reinvented Inc. Click here to see Canadian planting zone maps, 10 Tips for Preparing Your Garden for Winter, 20 Easy Perennial Flowers for Beginners to Plant. Users may also simply type in a ZIP Code and find the hardiness zone for that area. Planting flowers, trees, vegetables and other plants that are appropriate for you zone will ensure that these plants grow well from year to year. The 2012 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map is the standard by which gardeners and growers can determine which plants are most likely to thrive at a location. View Maps | USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map Home View Maps This page allows you to find and download state, regional, and national Plant Hardiness Zone Maps at various resolutions. Thank you. Obviously, not every perennial, shrub, or tree grows and thrives in every climate. Heat Zone Map Info What Do Heat Zones Mean Anyway. Temperatures below 50F (10C) may cause the plants to die though, and temperatures that are higher than 90F (32C) may also be too hot for the plants to grow well. You can also find your planting zone by entering your zip code on the Arbor Day Foundation website. Below is the USDA planting zones map, also known as the USDA Hardiness Zone map. Youll find that winter damage occurs most often when plants are out of their range or comfort zone. When you choose plants for a garden or landscape, avoid selecting plants that are only marginally hardy for your region; thats when youll see winter damage, poor growth, and a reduction inflowering. WASHINGTONThe U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) today released the new version of its Plant Hardiness Zone Map (PHZM), updating a useful tool for gardeners and researchers for the first time since 1990 with greater accuracy and detail. You can plant indoors though or use a greenhouse, and popular options include beans. Gardeners rely on the zone information presented in the Texas planting map as featured above. Because annuals are only meant to last the length of one growing season, planting zones dont necessarily factor into theequation. Check the colour-coded plant hardiness zone map to determine which hardiness zone you live in, or type in your zip code below to find your flower zones. Borders with Sun-Loving Plants, Brighten Up Shady Spots with Much-Needed Colour. Map & Data: USDA Agricultural Research Service (@USDA_ARS) / Oregon State University (@OregonState), Website:https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/InteractiveMap.aspx. Hello everyone I have tried really hard scanning this page for what zone is where and I still don't see the way to do that --can somebody please help me how to do this? 40F to 45F. Your best bet is to plant during cooler months and incorporate shade (keep them indoors) and irrigation to fight the heat, since these climates are super hot and tropical. Unlike the USDA map, which is based only on minimum winter temperatures, the planting zones map produced by Natural Resources Canada (NRC) considers a wider range of climatic variables, including maximum temperatures and the length of the frost-free period. Let us know in the commentsbelow! Each agricultural zone covers a 10-degree range. For annual plants, like most vegetables and some flowers, its far more important to pay attention to things like the length of your growing season and the typical dates of your first and last frosts. To create an idea board, sign in or create an account. If you plant in containers you can take plants indoors and outdoors to grow lots of different plants and keep them safe when theres some wacky weather. Likewise, you don't want to plant anything that will wilt in temperatures higher than 70F in Zone 13, Bailey says. Some plants also go through cycles of dormancy to survive extreme highs and lows in temperature, especially those lows. All PHZMs are just guides. Strawberries require a long growing season especially if grown from seed, 160-210 days, and the reason they are planted in the fall in Zone 7 or higher is because the temperatures stay warm enough through the fall/winter/spring that the above ground growth (the foliage) does not die off, says deRose. It also includes national, state and regional images in a variety of resolutions, and a ZIP code finder that provides the plant hardiness zone for all U.S. ZIP codes. Since some Canadians will buy plants from the U.S., it may also be helpful to understand how to use USDA zones in Canada. Perennials need to be able to survive winter in your area, so its important to knowhow cold it typically gets in your area and whether a particular plant is hardy enough to survive thosetemperatures. Zone 11a. Growing herbs in Zone 11 is tricky and most wont produce seeds due to the heat. Youd plant herbs as annuals during the cooler months. With no frost days throughout the year, Zone 11 is one of the warmest in terms of hardiness zones and you can plant more fruits, like tropical fruits. NRC also produces a mapthat shows plant hardiness zones for Canada based on the USDA extreme minimum temperature approach. Zip Code: Looking for Canadian Hardiness Zones? No posters of the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map have been printed. Map of California Record High/Low Temperatures. Frost can damage young and newly planted plants, the new growth on established . Copyright 2017 - 2023 PublicHealthMapsAll rights reserved. Cocoa can grow in the range of 65F to 90F (1832C). 2023Yankee Publishing, Inc., An Employee-Owned Company Use your mouse or touchscreen to drag and zoom the map and find your location, then click or tap the map. U.S. Heres a quick breakdown of zones. The USDA Hardiness Zone Map divides North America into 11 separate planting zones; each growing zone is 10F warmer (or colder) in an average winter than the adjacent zone. Starting at zone 1 with the extreme minimum temperature set as low as -60F, the ratings go all the way to 13 with an extreme minimum temperature of 70F, says gardener Dan Bailey, president of WikiLawn Austin Lawn Care. Sign up for Well+, our online community of wellness insiders, and unlock your rewards instantly. Oh hi! Disclosure. The vast majority of crops will not grow in this environment, says Bailey. The 2012 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map website includes an interactive-GIS map that allows the viewer to click down in scale to one-half mile. Find locations near you that offer Proven Winners products. You can grow a few in these zones, yet more wintry plants that have hard exteriors and some toughness to them. These zones tend to be more mild and versatile, as long as you go by growing season and look for plants with a longer growing season in general. You'll find USDA hardiness zone designations at the end of many of the plant descriptions on this site and in the print catalogue. Disclosure. The USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map is the standard by which gardeners and growers can determine which plants are most likely to thrive at a location. Duration of exposure to cold:Many plants that can survive a short period of exposure to cold may not tolerate longer periods of cold weather. Further north the foliage will die off in the winter, the roots will remain, but all the energy the plant spent growing the foliage would be wasted because it would die off before the strawberries produced, deRose says. If you plan to lift and bring hardier bulbs inside, you'll need to wait for that final frost, and for the foliage to die back. So, naturally, they will thrive in their habitat. Gardeners should keep that in mind when selecting plants, especially if they choose to "push" their hardiness zone by growing plants not rated for their zone. You can plant mint, avocado, olive, kiwi, citrus fruits, basil, thyme and chives, for example. Box 520 | Dublin, NH 03444. Click on your state to zoom in or enter your zip code to find the zone number of your specific area. Identify your USDA hardiness zone to determine which vegetables, herbs, flowers, farm seed and cover crops will do best in your region. Canada Plant Hardiness: Manitoba, Nunavut. You can plant a lot of veggies youd cook with at home, such as asparagus, artichoke, beets, okra, aloe vera, arugula, bell peppers and basil, among some other air plants too. USDA hardiness zones help gardeners understand which plants will survive in the area's extreme temperatures and which wont. Check out this Best Tree Finder from the Arbor Day Foundation! National Agricultural Library Thesaurus Term. As rule of thumb, add one zone to the designated USDA zone. 4 Mistakes That Are Causing You to Waste Money on Skin-Care Serums, According to an Esthetician, These Are the Best Anti-Chafing Denim ShortsAccording to Some Very Happy Reviewers. Just click on the map to enlarge it and find your planting zone. The USDA planting zone map is based on the average, annual minimum winter temperature, and it is then divided into 10F zones, with a range of 1-13 zones total. Go to the interactive mapper by choosing one of the options below: 1981-2010 or page size PDF or poster size PDF; 1961-1990; Date modified: 2022-11-21. Have another question? You can sort by which trees are suitable to yourzone. Tagged: #Apr2021, #Q2, #USDA, #PlantHardiness, #USDAARS, #OSU. Soil moisture:Plants have different requirements for soil moisture, and this might vary seasonally. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The map is based on the average annual minimum winter temperature, divided into 10-degree Fahrenheit zones. Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. If you are not sure which hardiness zone you belong to, please check the maps below: Canada Plant Hardiness: British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Northwest Territories. . Some summer bulbs need to come out of the ground before the first frost. A bout of extremely cold weather early in the fall may injure plants even though the temperatures may not reach the average lowest temperature for your zone. These varieties include caladiums and others that don't naturally encounter frost at all. The Arbor Day Foundation developed this U.S. Hardiness Zone Map based upon data from 5,000 National Climatic Data Center cooperative stations across the continental United States. The site is secure. Call Customer Service at 513-354-1512. 1. Some examples include bush beans, tropical almond, black pepper, eggplant, hot peppers, summer squash, and tomatoes, as well as some herbs, such as cilantro, sage, and rosemary. Are the temperatures in each zone ambient or with wind chill factored in? Your local yard or garden may be warmer or colder than what the PHZ map shows, but it serves as a good starting point when . Because of this, the zones listed in the Canadian and US maps are not on the same scale, so keep that in mind before following one or theother! All Rights Reserved. of your Favourites at Great Low Prices! Click here to go directly to the USDA website and see a map of your states zones. It also includes national, state and regional images in a variety of resolutions, and a ZIP code finder that provides the plant hardiness zone for all U.S. ZIP codes. What are your thoughts on planting zones? If you are Zone 5 any plant that is Zone 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 would be a perennial in your area, anything zone 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 would be an annual. A variety marked "Zones 3-8," for example, should grow and thrive in zones 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. Click here for a detailed explanation. Light:To thrive, plants need to be planted where they will receive the proper amount of light. The map is based on the average annual minimum winter temperature, divided into 10-degree F zones. A frost date is the average date of the last frost in spring or the first frost in fall or winter. Broccoli, cabbage, tomatoes, lettuce, radishes, spinach, mac apples, sweet peas, potatoes, kale, lettuce, herbs and tomatoes. If you want a perennial, shrub, or tree to survive and grow year after year, the plant must tolerate year-round conditions in your area, such as the lowest and highest temperatures and the . BONUS: Youll also receive our freeBeginner GardeningGuide! To browse or use data from this site, no account is necessary! Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Growing Zone Finder & Plant Hardiness Zone Map, Copyright 2023 Gardens Alive, Inc. d/b/a/ Breck's. Zones 9 and 10 are in warmer regions where summers can get super hot, and the winters are pretty warm too, which could be an issue for some crops (think: California, Arizona, Texas, Florida and along the Gulf of Mexico coast). As a gardener in her seventies, the eyesight isn't what it used to be. Frost dates can vary widely within each . The label will identify the zones in the U.S. where the plant canthrive. There are a total of 11 growing zones in the United States as defined by the USDA, of which 8 are located in the lower 48 states. Unfortunately, zones 1-4 are going to provide an unwelcome environment for most plants. Return to the Customer Service Help page or send an email directly to Customer Service . The USDA website has a feature where you can search by ZIP code to find your local plant hardiness zone. Planting native species is a surefire way to achieve a stable garden. Answering the question, How do I go about finding my hardiness zone? is as easy as locating where you live on the map. They are best fitting for the moisture levels. Gardening in South Carolina offers many opportunities for a wide variety of flowers, shrubs, and trees. When choosing plants for your garden, its important to select varieties that can survive and thriveyear-round in your area, especially in regions where extreme winter temperatures are normal. When temperatures drop below 50F try using row covers or a makeshift hotbox/greenhouse, says deRose. Well+Good decodes and demystifies what it means to live a well life, inside and out. Press the Use My Location button. Good question! Gardeners need to keep that in mind and understand that past weather records cannot be a guarantee for future variation in weather. Find plants you love and create idea boards for all your projects. Are they accurate? Or you can tell from the map below too. Plant hardiness is very important to growing success. The US Department of Agriculture divided out the map of the US in areas which range from planting zone 1A to planting zone 13B. In reply to Are the temperatures in each by Mike (not verified). Well explain what planting zones are all about, how to use this information, and links to the latestmaps. Accessed from http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov. (See local frost dates here.) 2023 Gardening Know How, Future US LLC, Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036. The USDA map is color coded to make it even easier to see where your area falls. 2012 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map, courtesy USDA Agricultural Research Service. But state, regional, and national images of the map can be downloaded and printed in a variety of sizes and resolutions. For example, USDA zone 4 is roughly comparable to zone 5 in Canada. Different measures are used to create each countrys map, asexplainedbelow. Most plants that you buy are marked with a hardiness zone number. You can add in a few more in Zone 10 that may not do well in 9, like ginger, peanuts and jicama. Sign up for our newsletter. Planting vegetables, flowers and other plants that are appropriate for your U.S. growing zone will make sure that your garden is happy and healthy year after year. Get it daily. Let's say I plant crops that are good in those temperatures, maybe even 10F, then the winter storm that plummeted Texas into below-zero temperatures this year would have very likely disrupted all of my plants, Bailey explains. The two most commonly referenced hardiness zone maps are those produced by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Natural Resources Canada (NRC). USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (PHZM) The 2012 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map is the standard by which gardeners and growers can determine which plants are most likely to thrive at a location. Such factors are not taken into account in the USDA PHZM. If you see a hardiness zone in a catalog or plant description, chances are it refers to the USDA map. First & Last Frost Date By Growing Zone States in Growing Zone 1 Alaska States in Growing Zone 2 Alaska States in Growing Zone 3 California Last Frost Date Map. Find your local frost dates here. Oops, there seems to be an error, please re-enter your email address. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. Heres a link to a larger map as well: USDAZones. Plants that might otherwise be hardy in your zone might be injured if soil moisture is too low in late autumn and they enter dormancy while suffering moisture stress. 1121 Main Street | P.O. 35F to 40F. An official website of the United States government. You can also match the zones to a letter to be more precise online as well. The way plants are placed in the landscape, how they are planted, and their size and health might also influence their survival. The map is produced by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and is available on their website. Learn more about microclimates. Be inspired with our Gardener's Idea Book and Winner's Circle newsletter. For now, feel free to continue reading. To find the average frost dates for your region, you first need to determine your hardiness zone or planting zone. If you're planting hardy bulbs, such as tulips or daffodils, do that after the first frost. See suggested trees for your region. California First Frost Date Map. Includes interactive, static, and georeferenced maps, map and data downloads (dataset) USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map, 2012. 2023Well+Good LLC. Frost occurs when air temperatures reach freezing: 32 Fahrenheit (0 Centigrade). I live in an area [Austin, Texas] that's zoned for 8b, meaning it supports minimum temperatures of 15-20F, says Bailey. If you see a hardiness zone in a gardening catalog or plant description, chances are it refers to this USDA map. We have also produced maps that show plant hardiness zones for Canada based on the USDA extreme minimum temperature approach . Temperature:Plants grow best within a range of optimum temperatures, both cold and hot. Knowing your final frost date can also help you plan for starting flowers indoors. Once you understand the basics, head to the site and plug in your zip code to find your best matches. The USDA Hardiness Zone Method. 100% Employee Owned Login / Register; For now, feel free to continue reading. The plant must tolerate year-round conditions, such as the lowest and highest temperatures and the amount ofrainfall. To see larger maps of the U.S. growing zones for each state, click on the state where you live in the list located below this map. The above crops apply, but summers are super hot, so some crops wont do well, like pansies and spinach. No hardiness zone map can take the place of the detailed knowledge that gardeners pick up about their own gardens through hands-on experience. In reply to MAPS by DJ HIXSON (not verified), On the USDA page, try selecting your state from the drop-down menu to get an enhanced view of the zones in your area. These also similarly include peonies, succulents, tulips, lilies, bee balm, winter vegetables, hostas and more, and once you get to Zone 6, where summers are hotter, you can grow bush beans, butter lettuce, melons that have a longer season, winter squash, and indeterminate tomatoes, as well as other herbs and spices that can handle the heat but also require that boost, such as coriander, oregano and dill, for example. 30F to 35F. The best plants are both heat and drought tolerant and require just a short growing season, since the climate is so hot throughout the year. Planting zones are most useful togardenersgrowingperennial plants, since perennialsare meant to live beyond just one growing season. Using historical climate data from Canadian National Climate Data Archive, this interactive map created by Plantmaps covers Canada which ranges from Zone 1a to Zone 10b. To find your USDA Hardiness Zone, enter your zip code or use the map below. Microclimates, which are fine-scale climate variations, can be small heat islandssuch as those caused by blacktop and concreteor cool spots caused by small hills and valleys. Step 1: Find your zone Planting zone: Enter your zip code. Your zone initially tells you the lowest expected temperature for your area, but that growing zone number also correlates to an average first and last frost date. Enter your location below and experience the magic of our garden calendar planting guide. If you see a hardiness zone in a gardening catalog or plant description, chances are it refers to this USDA map. Click here to see Canadian planting zone maps. The map is based on the average annual minimum winter temperature, divided into 10-degree F zones. Most winters are moderate and the summers are warm but not excessively hot. This is the first step to gardening. Many other environmental factors, in addition to hardiness zones, contribute to the success or failure of plants. Cold injury can be more severe if the humidity is low, especially for evergreens. Your entire yard could be somewhat warmer or cooler than the surrounding area because it is sheltered or exposed. Hardiness Zone Map provided courtesy of The National Arbor Day Foundation. The planting zone map is based on the average annual minimum winter temperature, and which varieties of flowers and plants can survive and thrive in those conditions. All rights reserved. If youre on the fence about a plant, always go one zone higher to be on the safe side and avoiddisappointment! Native plants are which occurnaturally where you live! The .gov means its official. What Planting Zone Do I Live In? When to Plant Vegetables: The Garden Planting Calendar. The map is based on the average annual minimum winter temperature, divided into 10-degree F zones. To show the dates above, we use probability level of 50% and frost temperature of 32F. From there, it basically goes up by 10F until it reaches Zone 13, which is between 60F and 70F for average temperatures. The map is available as an interactive GIS-based map, for which a broadband Internet connection is recommended, and as static images for those with slower Internet access. Disease Resistance Codes; Cooperative Extension; Glossary of Terms; Farm Visits & Grower Profiles; Webinar Series; Hardiness Zone Map. Annuals and Perennials vary depending on where you live. Enhance your Zone 4 indicates average annual extreme minimum temperatures of -30 degrees Fahrenheit to -20 degrees Fahrenheit.