Aristotle's Poetics (Greek: Περὶ ποιητικῆς Peri poietikês; Latin: De Poetica; c. 335 BC) is the earliest surviving work of dramatic theory and first extant philosophical treatise to focus on literary theory. Plato (/ ˈ p l eɪ t oʊ / PLAY-toe; Greek: Πλάτων Plátōn, pronounced [plá.tɔːn] in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 - 348/347 BC) was an Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, founder of the Platonist school of thought and the Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.. Poetry, meanwhile, is a form of imitation. • So far as moral nature of poetry is concerned, Aristotle believed that the end of poetry is to please; however, teaching may be given. On the contrary, Aristotle advocated poetry as it is mimetic in nature. World of ideas has eternal and immutable patterns, spiritual and abstract in their nature and all things of the sensory world is fashioned after and imitation of it. For some 20 years Aristotle was Plato's student and colleague at the Academy in Athens, an institution for philosophical, scientific, and mathematical research and teaching founded by Plato in the 380s. Aristotle cunningly showed, using the notion of catharsis, that while poetry does indeed play on the emotions, it does so in a way that enhances our reasoning! Aristotle differs with Plato on the pragmatic value of poetry. Whereas Plato sees "a long-standing quarrel between poetry and philosophy" (339), Aristotle advances the opinion that "poetry is a more philosophical and serious business than history" (33). 'The Poetics' is a systematic exposition of the theory and practice of poetry.<br /> 4. Then show how Aristotle's Poetics provides an account . Aristotle lived from 384 B.C. In ancient Greece, Plato dismissed poetry as being untrue and irrational, but beginning with Aristotle, there has been a long tradition of defense of poetry in the West. <a title="Poetry in Plato and . The Earlier Dialogues . Though many more of Plato's works survived the centuries, Aristotle's contributions have arguably been more influential, particularly when it comes to science and logical reasoning. The views of Plato on the poet's imitative poetry are not accepted by many of the critics. Plato regards that poetry imitates objects as usual . This video e. While Plato equated poetry with painting, Aristotle equates it with music. Poetry is not just to offer pleasure. 1 Similarities Although it is often said that Aristotle's account of mimesis in the Poetics is a critical response to Plato's exile of the poets in the Republic, the relationship between the two philosophers is somewhat more complicated . Aristotle (Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης, Aristotélēs) (384 BC - 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. Write a paper on one of the following prompts: Poetry in Plato and Aristotle: Plato in theRepublicand Aristotle in hisPoeticsdiscuss story-telling, poetry, and its influence on the public.Thoroughly explain Platos inhibitions about poetry and his challenge to defend poetry, from theRepublic.Then show how AristotlesPoeticsprovides an account of poetry that offers a response to Plato. It should contribute to the knowledge. Essay: Art as Imitation in Plato and Aristotle Ancient Greek thought held that poetry, drama, and other forms of fine art were imitations of reality, a reality that could be actual or potential. Thus reason is ignored in the poetry which henceforth becomes full of vices. Butcher, Aristotle's Theory of Poetry and Fine Art, with a Critical Text and a Translation of the Poetics, 4th. So the obvious worry is whether it should be translated as 'imitation' or 'representation', but Aristotle's usage includes . It is now not a servile depiction of the looks of things . After spending some time studying Plato and his aversion to art and poetry, I was looking forward to reading some of Aristotle's Poetics. University of North Carolina Press, 1986 - Poetics - 221 pages. Answer (1 of 2): I'll comment only on Aristotle who wrote a textbook on the topic, called, Poetics (350 BC). Plato was born around the year428 BCE in Athens. Another, more specific, aim is to vindicate poetry in the face of the criticism leveled at it by Plato. Learn More. For him, catharsis is ennobling and humbles human being. In the Poetics Aristotle does break with Plato in order to establish poetry's independence from philosophy. He was Plato's student at his Academy. On the level of content, it showed the gods behaving in an. But what is striking in Plato's attitude is that even when he comes to acknowledge a usefulness in poetry - its role in educating the young, in civil celebration, in persuasion of many sorts - he is not content (as is, say, Aristotle) to grant its virtues, unstintingly, while nevertheless delimiting their scope; rather, he regards poetry at all . Plato's philosophy of education in the Republic reflects his overall worldview (metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, etc. The purpose of this article is to analyze his discussions of rhetoric and poetry as they are presented in four dialogues: the Ion, the Republic, the Gorgias, and the Phaedrus. Unlike Plato, Aristotle does not use imitation term as "copying". Plato believes in the existence of the ideal world, where exists a real form of every . The apparently Ferrari, Giovanni, 1987. Cloth $27.00. Mimesis is a modern study of literature. Aristotle's Poetics is one of the deepest and most influential philosophical works on art, or rather, on a specific art. It is a book about Dramatic Theater, although Aristotle regarded the Playwright as the central genius behind the entire Play. The Early Origins of Literary Theory: Plato and Aristotle While literary theory, as a school of thought or mode of literary criticism, is very much a product of the mid- to late- 20th century academic world, the first recorded "theories" of literature extend back to the ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle. November 1987 REVIEWS ELSE ON PLATO AND ARISTOTLE Else, Gerald F. Plato and Aristotle on Poetry. He was also a mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. From inside the book . Plato is a soul of the tragedy. He remained there for nearly twenty years before leaving Athens in 348/47 BC. He examines poetry as a piece of art and not as a book of preaching or . Whereas Plato sees "a long-standing quarrel between poetry and philosophy" (339), Aristotle advances the opinion that "poetry is a more philosophical and serious business than history" (33). Of harmony, and the deep power of joy, We see into the life of things." Tintern Abbey In The Republic, Plato expelled poets from his ideal society.Only the poetry consisting of "hymns to the gods and praises of famous men" [1] could be admissible. Plato divides the human soul into three parts-rational, spirited and appetitive. Aristotle Disciple of Plato, Teacher of Alexander the Great Major work in poetry and specially tragedy Theory of Imitation: Aristotle agrees with Plato in calling the poet an imitator and creative art, imitation. Thus, as a reply to his allegations against the poets and the poetry, he wrote the treatise named Poetics. Plato (c. 428-c. 348 BCE) and Aristotle (384-322 BCE) are generally regarded as the two greatest figures of Western philosophy. On the other hand, Aristotle believed that poetry imitates not only the externals, but also internal emotions and experiences. 2 Comparison between Aristotle and Plato on mimesis 2. Taking such a stance against Plato allows Aristotle to have a much more appreciative view of poetry, music, and tragedy, and the important role they have in our lives. What people are saying - Write a review. Edited with an introduction by Peter Burian. Along with catharsis, Aristotle developed another very important concept that uses Plato's arguments against him. He worked at Plato's school, the Academy, and later in his life established his own school at the Lyceum, where he continued to engage in enormously important philosophical inquiry. Aristotle and Plato Plato Plato believed along with the Greek philosophers that poetry should be "well-ordered" and should attempt to "imitate the order" and harmony of nature. For Plato, poetry was morally problematic for two reasons. One of Aristotle's motivations for writing the poetics was to defend poetry in the face of Plato's criticisms. Poetry in Plato and Aristotle: Plato in theRepublicand Aristotle in hisPoeticsdiscuss story-telling, poetry, and its influence on the public. Poetry tends to express universal history in particular. Aristotle's account of poetry as an independent Together with Plato and . We haven't found any reviews in the usual places. Aristotle was the great disciple of Plato but his views are some what different than his master regarding poetry and 'the poetics' is a kind of covert reply to his great master. His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. He discusses the two in his work "Poetics." Aristotle describes history as the account of a given subject . 5. Poetry, therefore, is more philosophical than history. While Plato made tragedy the target of his most fervent attacks on poetry, Aristotle devoted the major part of the Poetics to a reconsideration of the genre, in a sympathetic attempt, it is normally agreed, to defend it against Plato's strictures, and to restore to it some degree of valuable independence. He is widely considered a pivotal figure in the . The pictures of poetry, therefore, are not the mere reproduction of facts but the truths embedded in those facts that apply to all places and times. Plato defended philosophy, whereas Aristotle defended poetry. Plato's this negative view of imitation should be regarded as an idealistic approach because of his worries about the Ideal State. From the standpoint of the mimetic theory, however, the real issue at stake is not philosophy, but the threats posed by any kind of imitation to . Though Aristotle does not directly refer to Plato, yet much of the Poetics is a covert reply to his great master. Aristotle suggests that poetry moulds the character of the individual. to 322 B.C. Aristotle believes that there is natural pleasure in imitation which is in-born instinct in men. In Aristotle's view, principle of imitation unites poetry with different fine arts and is the widespread basis of all of the fine arts. the appetitive or the desire as it gives great pleasure at the moment. The treatise pursues several aims, one of which, and the most general, is to classify the works that can be labeled "poetical composition" and their parts. However, if it instructs in addition to providing pleasure or if the instruction is incidental, it is acceptable. Aristotle takes over from Plato the idea that poetry, together with other arts such as painting, sculpture, music and dance, is a form of mimesis, but, unlike Plato, he nowhere explains what he means by this term. Plato and Aristotle argue that artist (Demiurge) and poet imitate nature, thus, a work of art is a relection of nature. Knowing how diametrically opposed Aristotle and Plato's beliefs were, I expected to see Aristotle use this text to disagree with Plato's claim that poetry is worthless because it is mere imitation. The Muslims during that period know him as the First Teacher. A poet is a good artist only in so far as he is a good teacher. Faraone, Christopher A., 1992. In sum, Plato's 4 arguments are: Poets compose under inspiration, not by using reason Poetry is ignorant about what it teaches, and thus teaches the wrong things Poetry is a mimesis (imitation), at 2 removes from the "really real" (that is, from the world of the Forms) Poetry encourages the wrong emotions in the audience Plato rejected poetry as it is mimetic in nature on the moral and philosophical grounds. It is this pleasure in imitation that… Aristotle and Plato were philosophers in ancient Greece who critically studied matters of ethics, science, politics, and more. Aristotle (384 -322 BCE) was a slightly younger contemporary of Plato, and we know from historical records that they knew one another. This chapter studies Aristotle's effort to rehabilitate imitative poetry and art of all kinds on the basis of his critique of the theory of forms. His main concern is the ideological function of poetry. Even though Aristotle was a student of Plato's school , his ideas about theory of forms and poems were different from Plato and he criticized Plato's ideas. . The Dramatic (or Comic) Play for Aristotle was the apex of P. Plato and Aristotle critique poetry and the effect it has on poets and their audiences and society. Aristotle compares them as the arts of discussing what "has been" and what "could be," respectively. Aristotle was the great disciple of Plato, and it was he who took up the challenge of Plato to show that poetry was not only pleasant but also useful for humanity. 3: The Republic . Even the disciple of Plato, Aristotle does not accept his view points. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press 1986. xxi + 221 pp. Poetry in Plato and Aristotle: Plato in theRepublicand Aristotle in hisPoeticsdiscuss story-telling, poetry, and its influence on the public. Aristotle justifies poetry on moral, intellectual and emotional grounds. Plato suggests truth as the test of poetry. The emotions evoked through such mediums need not bring the rational soul to ruin, but can help make us become more virtuous and well-rounded individuals. ed., (Dover Publications, 1951), pp.123-4. Poetics, Gresk oldtid, Poetry Theories of Plato, Plato, Aristotle. This concept is related to the intellectual side of Plato's arguments. against Plato's assault on poetry. Publication date 1986 Topics Poetics, Poétique -- Histoire, Poesi, Gresk litteratur, Literature Theories Aristotle, 384-322 B.C. PLATO'S MADNESS AND ARISTOTLE'S SANITY: remembering Robert Pirsig's Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance ~ "Plato is the essential Buddha-seeker who appears again in each generation, moving onward and upward toward the "one".Aristotle is the eternal motorcycle mechanic who prefers the "many".I myself am pretty much Aristotelian in this sense, preferring to find the Buddha . They discussion of Aristotle . 308 certified writers online. Thoroughly explain Platos inhibitions about poetry and his challenge to defend poetry, from theRepublic. In this way, Aristotle's Poetics is a kind of answer to Plato's arguments on poetry. The views of Plato on the poet's imitative poetry are not accepted by many of the critics. The poetry always focuses on the third part of the soul i.e. Aristotle was also a Greek philosopher and scientist. Plato is (perhaps paradoxically) known for the poetic and rhetorical qualities of his own writings, a fact which will also be discussed in what follows. After Plato's death, he shifted from Platonism. With an eye made quiet by the power. Plato was a great poet, a mystic and philosopher. Plato and Aristotle on Poetry. 12 S.H. Aristotle on art and poetry Aristotle takes many of Plato's ideas, like imitation and forms (which he calls universals), and develops them in a new direction. Philosophical Works on Poetry (Plato, Aristotle, Percy Bysshe Shelley) In understanding Aristotle's contrast between the poet and the philosopher, it is important to first understand what he means in discussing the two disciplines. Plato and Aristotle on Poetry, edited with introduction and notes by Peter Burias, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Plato believed that poetry that was "unregulated by philosophy is a danger to soul and community." He warned that tragic poetry can produce "a disordered psychic regime or constitution" by inducing "a dream-like, uncritical state in which we lose ourselves in …sorrow, grief, anger, [and] resentment." Plato vs. Aristotle - Who Would Win? Aristotle, on the other hand, stresses the need of emotional outlets. Contents. Comprehensively, in this paper, we deduce that Plato relied on inductive reasoning to develop his philosophies, while Aristotle relied on deductive reasoning to do the same. Then show how AristotlesPoeticsprovides an account of poetry that offers a response to Plato. Aristotle replied to the charges made by his Guru Plato against Poetry in particular and art in general. From the standpoint of the mimetic theory, however, the real issue at stake is not philosophy, but the threats posed by any kind of imitation to . 13 Ibid. What Plato and Aristotle said about art and poetry? He replied to them one by one in defense of poetry. Aristotle states that it is for the pleasure poetry offers and its ability to satisfy the basic instinct in man for rhythm, poetry is written and read. Plato as a dualist divides reality into two world- world of ideas and world of senses. On the contary, he regards imitation as an intellectual and creative process. In fact, Thus, as a reply to his allegations against the poets and the poetry, he wrote the treatise named Poetics. Both Aristotle and Plato shared a concern about the moral effect of poetry. It should teach some morals. elements, meanwhile by comparison to analysis its similarities and difference with Platonic mimesis. His Comments on Drama Drama, according to Plato, is a branch of poetry. Where Plato argued against poetry from its relation to truth (embodied in the theory of Forms), though, Aristotle makes some similar arguments in relation to nature. It thus differentiates the fine arts from the opposite class of arts. Write a paper on one of the following prompts: Poetry in Plato and Aristotle: Plato in the Republic and Aristotle in his Poetics discuss story-telling, poetry, and its influence on the public. A poet should also be good teacher. Unlike Plato, Aristotle regards poetry as something positive in his Poetics. Aristotle - Aristotle does not agree with Plato in function of poetry to make people weaker and emotional/too sentimental. Gerald Frank Else. Plato and Aristotle on poetry by Else, Gerald Frank, 1908-1982. He is also known for influencing the Islamic philosophy. Both Plato and Aristotle tend to treat painting as offering the best illustration of what is to be meant by mimesis (so does Plato in Republic X, after making Socrates say, in 595c7- 8, that he wants to explain what mimesis is in general ; and so does Aristotle in the first chapters of his Poetics ; notice that also in Laws II, 668d ff., Plato . In this text Aristotle offers an account of ποιητική, which refers to poetry or more literally "the poetic art," deriving from the term for "poet; author; maker . Among his critical treatise, only two are extant- 'Poetics' and 'Rhetoric', the former deals with the art of poetry and the latter with the art of speaking.Poetics contains twenty six small chapters. For Aristotle, universals are not independent of particulars but rather exist in particulars as features of them. For Aristotle, who understands "mimesis" differently from Plato, this term has nothing to do with accurate representation but rather designates the creative depiction of human action not necessarily as it is but rather as it could be. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. Due Oct 8. Plato's poetry divided by madness. Unlike Plato, Aristotle does not see instruction as the basic function of poetry. He is the first to use the word Catharsis. Indeed, their phrase for what we think of as "fine art" was "imitative arts", and great importance was attached to poetry as an integral part of the Greek education. He was the most distinguished disciple of Plato. Like Plato Aristotle also agreed that poetry is a form imitation but unlike Plato—who believed that that imitative nature of poetry makes it denigrative as it has been twice removed from reality—Aristotle believed this imitative nature to be a characteristic of every human being, and suggested that from childhood humans have an 'instinct . Although Aristotle's views on poetry is seen as more sympathetic than Plato's, our lack of understanding his view is as much a point of importance as it is with Plato. In the opening passage of his Rhetoric, Aristotle identified the features of rhetoric by first asserting its relationship with dialectic. Introduction 2. Plato believed that poetry imitates only the external superficial appearances, and that it is, therefore, twice removed from reality. Plato's birth name was Aristotle and gained the nick name Platon. With the Greek mimesis in poetry, then, the notion of the "real" (Forms, or the governing principles of nature) is assumed to be the object of imitation, as opposed to, say . On the other hand, Aristotle argues that," poetry takes us closer to reality because it teaches and warn us, and show us the result and the consequences of bad deeds" (Denny . Plato says that art being the imitation of the actual is removed from truth. It is a Greek literature or illustrated. Both men disagree on the emotional effects poetry has on individuals and on society, but . Aristotle likened it to music. Hereby Aristotle answers Plato's severest charge against poetry. At about the age of eighteen, Aristotle moved to Athens to continue his education at Plato's Academy. Such a radical verdict against poetry has had a huge impact on the history of Western poetics. Drama and Poetry between Plato and Aristotle "Classical literary criticism simply can be defined as being in accordance with ancient Greek or Roman models in literature or art or with later systems and standards based on them, particularly with reference to balance regularity and skimpiness of art" 1.In other words, classical criticism is the classical ideas and imagery by some legendary . Thoroughly explain Platos inhibitions about poetry and his challenge to defend poetry, from theRepublic. for only $16.05 $11/page. In the paper, I will show the different points that they have the ideas of forms, poetry and the methods they used while arguing their ideas. Aristotle Aristotle approach to literature is home formal and less morally. We will write a. custom essay. Thus, they approach the critique of poetry from different perspectives; however it is obivous that Aristotle makes his points by taking Plato's commentaries into consideration. Plato was a Grrek philoosopher born 428-7 and died In 348-7 B.C.E. Plato Biography Plato (Plátōn, "broad"; 424/423 BC - 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece. 7 LUCAS hints at an alternative explanation. specifically for you. Plato regarded emotions as undesirable and so advocated it repression. Aristotle (384 - 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and scientist born in the Macedonian city of Stagira, Chalkidice, on the northern periphery of Classical Greece. It only gives the likeness of a thing in concrete, and the likeness is always less than real. Plato was a well-known philosopher and critic, teacher of Aristotle and student of Socrates in middle of B.C.E in Athens Greece and mostly influenced by his teachers Socrates usually Plato uses his own philosophy in his writing and raised question against ancient writing and other variety of things.He himself as a great poet and born to be having dramatic qualities. Plato argued against the poets. Plato and Aristotle argue that artist (Demiurge) and poet imitate nature, thus, a work of art is a relection of nature. Plato from an idealistic deductive viewpoint depicted in dialogue format, and Aristotle, from a realistic, practical and inductive viewpoint in essay format. Talismans and Trojan Horses: Guardian Statues in Ancient Greek Myth and Ritual, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Then show how AristotlesPoeticsprovides an account of poetry that offers a response to Plato. According to him, poetry is an imitation of an action and his tool of enquiry is neither philosophical nor moral. His writings spanned subjects like science, biology, logic, poetry, music, and politics. 1. Thoroughly explain Plato's inhibitions about poetry and his challenge to defend poetry, from the Republic. I argue that Aristotle's discussion of poetry is at least as critical of the poetic depiction of the city and the gods as is the Platonic account. Even the disciple of Plato, Aristotle does not accept his view points. He was under the impression that love for poetry stemmed from an instinctive pleasure that humans derive from imitation (mimesis), as poetry is an imitation of reality. The reason that Aristotle confined Intellectual Grounds However, they have different views on the functions of imitation in art and literature. Denny argues that, "Plato believes in the absolute reality, and that poets depict things as what they are, so the poetry according to him distort the reality" (10). 17: 14 ch.1, 1447a28; ch.6, 1450a20-22. 0 Reviews. 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